石油学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 991-1000.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201106009

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

复杂构造建模的理论与技术架构

管树巍 1  何登发 2   

  1. 1中国石油勘探开发研究院盆地构造与油气成藏重点实验室  北京  100083; 2中国地质大学海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室  北京  100083
  • 收稿日期:2011-04-17 修回日期:2011-08-15 出版日期:2011-11-25 发布日期:2012-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 管树巍
  • 作者简介:管树巍,男,1970年6月生,2004年获浙江大学理学院地球科学系理学博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事盆地构造分析和勘探方法研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技重大专项(2008ZX05003-001)和国家自然科学基金项目(No.40802047和No.41172183)联合资助。

Theories and technical frameworks of complex structural modeling

GUAN Shuwei 1  HE Dengfa 2   

  • Received:2011-04-17 Revised:2011-08-15 Online:2011-11-25 Published:2012-01-17

摘要:

复杂构造建模理论研究的目的在于探寻模型内部的约束机制,其中以反映褶皱形态、断层形态和断层位移之间定量关系的断层相关褶皱理论最为成熟,其分析方法对于上地壳、低温和非变质条件下的脆性构造变形的建模具有最普遍和最有效的约束。规范的技术流程不仅有助于降低构造建模的多解性,也是合理认识构造和解释构造的有效手段。构造模型可以在剖面、二维和三维空间建立,剖面建模主要用于确定构造解释方案,在此基础上建立的二维面模型和三维体模型则能更直观的描述构造,尤其在体模型内填充地层的力学参数后建立的介质模型,已非常接近真实的地质体。通过面模型和介质模型的恢复计算,可获得二维和三维空间的恢复应变场,既提供了构造变形机理研究所必须的参数,也可用于油气储集体构造裂缝发育方位、发育密度和发育强度的预测。

关键词: 构造建模, 技术流程, 剖面建模, 二维建模, 三维建模, 恢复应变

Abstract:

Theoretical researches of complex structural modeling aim to seek internal constraint mechanisms of the model, of which the fault-related folding theory describing a quantitative relationship among fold shape, fault shape and fault displacement is most mature, and its analytical methods have the most popular and effective constraints to the modeling of brittle structural deformation in conditions of the upper crust, low temperature and non-metamorphism. The normative technical workflow not only helps reduce the multiplicity in solutions to structural models, but also is an effective mean to recognize and interpret structures reasonably. A structural model can be built in section, two-dimensional and three-dimensional space. Section modeling is mainly used to determine a structural interpretation scheme, in which the mechanism, timing, process and rate of deformation can be obtained using fault-related folding methods. On the basis of section modelling, the 2D Tsurfs model and 3D solid model can be constructed to describe structures intuitively, especially the solid model specified by rock mechanical parameters of stratigraphic units that is very similar to the real geological body. By using the horizon-based and volumetric restoration techniques, restoration strain fields in the 2D Tsurfs model and 3D solid model can be derived. These strain data can not only provide researches of structural deformation mechanisms with necessary parameters, but also be used to predict the pattern of natural fractures in hydrocarbon reservoirs, such as the orientation, density and intensity of structural fracture development.

Key words: structural modeling, technical flow, section modeling, two-dimensional modeling, three-dimensional modeling, restoration strain