沾化凹陷低熟页岩储层特征及其对页岩油可动性的影响

doi:10.7623/syxb202012011

石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1587-1600.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202012011

沾化凹陷低熟页岩储层特征及其对页岩油可动性的影响

姜振学^1,2, 李廷微^1,2, 宫厚健^1,2, 姜涛³, 常佳琦^1,2, 宁传祥^1,2, 苏思远^1,2, 陈委涛^1,2

1. 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京 102249;
2. 中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院北京 102249;
3. 中国地质调查局中国地质科学院地球深部探测中心北京 100037

收稿日期:2019-05-13 修回日期:2020-11-05 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2021-01-06
通讯作者: 姜振学,男,1963年4月生,1986年获大庆石油学院学士学位,1998年获中国地质大学(北京)矿产普查与勘探专业博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)教授、博士生导师,主要从事含油气盆地分析、常规和非常规油气形成与分布研究。Email:jiangzx@cup.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目（2014CB239105）和国家自然科学基金项目（41872135）资助。

Characteristics of low-mature shale reservoirs in Zhanhua sag and their influence on the mobility of shale oil

Jiang Zhenxue^1,2, Li Tingwei^1,2, Gong Houjian^1,2, Jiang Tao³, Chang Jiaqi^1,2, Ning Chuanxiang^1,2, Su Siyuan^1,2, Chen Weitao^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
3. SinoProbe Center, China Geological Survey and Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

Received:2019-05-13 Revised:2020-11-05 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2021-01-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用扫描电镜、索氏抽提、气体吸附、核磁共振（含离心）等实验手段对沾化凹陷沙河街组三段（沙三段）下亚段泥页岩展开研究，以明确泥页岩储层特征对页岩油可动性的影响及其作用机制。沾化凹陷沙三段下亚段页岩主要发育有机质孔、粒间孔、晶间孔、溶蚀孔、构造缝和层理缝等储集空间。以50 nm和2 μm为界，不同岩相页岩的核磁共振孔径分布曲线均具明显的三段式特征。孔径小于50 nm的孔体积主要由方解石溶蚀孔提供，孔径介于50 nm~2 μm的孔体积由粒间孔提供，孔径>2 μm孔缝的孔体积由层理缝和构造缝提供。页岩储层的孔隙结构特征和矿物组成共同控制了页岩油的可动性。页岩油可动性差，可动油饱和度平均仅为21.50%，可动油主要赋存在大孔隙（孔径>50 nm）中，小孔隙（孔径＜50 nm）中以束缚油为主，页岩油的临界流动孔径约为50 nm。大孔隙不仅可以提供页岩油储集空间，也有利于页岩油的流动；小孔隙具有较大的比表面积、较强的吸附能力和较差的连通性，不利于页岩油流动。矿物组构宏观上影响了页岩油的可动性，方解石含量增加可以提高页岩的脆性，利于裂缝的形成，对页岩油渗流具有积极意义；黏土矿物因其较大的比表面积和堵塞孔喉，不利于页岩油的流动。层理构造不仅利于层理缝等储集空间的发育，也改善了页岩孔隙的连通性，有利于页岩油的流动。

关键词: 沾化凹陷, 页岩储层, 孔隙结构, 矿物组构, 页岩油富集, 可动性

Abstract:

Using scanning electron microscopy, Soxhlet extraction, gas adsorption, nuclear magnetic resonance (including centrifugation) and other experimental methods, a study is performed on the shale in the lower sub-member of the third member of Shahejie Formation (Es₃) in Zhanhua sag, so as to clarify the influence of shale reservoir characteristics on the mobility of shale oil, as well as its action mechanism. Reservoir space such as organic matter pore, intergranular pore, intercrystalline pore, dissolution pore, tectonic fracture and bedding fissure mainly develops in the shale in the Es₃ lower submember of Shahejie Formation in Zhanhua sag. Taking 50 nm and 2 μm as the boundary, the NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) pore size distribution curves of different lithofacies have obvious three-stage characteristics. The pore volume corresponding to the pore diameter of less than 50 nm is mainly provided by solution pores in calcite, the pore volume corresponding to the pore diameter of 50 nm to 2 μm is provided by intergranular pores, and the pore volume of apertures with a diameter of greater than 2 μm is provided by bedding fissure and tectonic fracture. The characteristics of pore structure and the mineral composition of reservoir jointly control the mobility of shale oil. Shale oil has poor mobility, with the average movable oil saturation of only 21.50%. Movable oil mainly occurs in macropores (pore size greater than 50 nm), and small pores (pore size less than 50 nm) are dominated by irreducible oil. The critical flow pore size of shale oil is about 50 nm. Macropores can not only provide the reservoir space for shale oil, but also facilitate the flow of shale oil. Small pores have a large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity and poor connectivity, which are not conducive to the flow of shale oil. The mineral fabric macroscopically affects the mobility of shale oil. Increasing the calcite content can increase the brittleness of shale, which is conducive to the formation of fractures and has positive significance for the percolation of shale oil. Due to the larger specific surface area and plugging pore throats, clay minerals are not conducive to the flow of shale oil. The bedding structure not only focilitates the development of bedding fractures and other reservoir space, but also improves the connectivity of shale pores, which is conducive to the flow of shale oil.

Key words: Zhanhua sag, shale reservoir, pore structure, mineral fabric, shale oil enrichment, mobility

中图分类号:

TE122.2

姜振学, 李廷微, 宫厚健, 姜涛, 常佳琦, 宁传祥, 苏思远, 陈委涛. 沾化凹陷低熟页岩储层特征及其对页岩油可动性的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1587-1600.

Jiang Zhenxue, Li Tingwei, Gong Houjian, Jiang Tao, Chang Jiaqi, Ning Chuanxiang, Su Siyuan, Chen Weitao. Characteristics of low-mature shale reservoirs in Zhanhua sag and their influence on the mobility of shale oil[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(12): 1587-1600.

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沾化凹陷低熟页岩储层特征及其对页岩油可动性的影响

Characteristics of low-mature shale reservoirs in Zhanhua sag and their influence on the mobility of shale oil

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