毛细管力在非常规油气藏开发中的作用及应用

doi:10.7623/syxb202012024

石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1719-1733.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202012024

毛细管力在非常规油气藏开发中的作用及应用

李相方¹, 冯东¹, 张涛¹, 孙政², 何敏侠¹, 刘庆¹, 刘文远¹, 赵文¹, 李靖¹

1. 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室北京 102249;
2. 中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室江苏徐州 221116

收稿日期:2020-06-15 修回日期:2020-10-19 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2021-01-06
通讯作者: 李靖,男,1990年12月生,2012年获中国石油大学(北京)学士学位,2017年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)副教授,主要从事非常规油气开发领域的教学和研究工作。Email:lijingsuc@163.com
作者简介:李相方,男,1955年5月生,1982年获华东石油学院学士学位,1992年获石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)教授、博士生导师,主要从事油气田开发工程领域的教学和研究工作。Email:lixf2013@vip.163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目"页岩气有效储渗孔隙跨尺度耦合渗流及产出规律研究"（No.50974128）和国家科技重大专项"陆相页岩气产能评价与采气工艺技术"（2017ZX05039-005）资助。

The role and its application of capillary force in the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and its application

Li Xiangfang¹, Feng Dong¹, Zhang Tao¹, Sun Zheng², He Minxia¹, Liu Qing¹, Liu Wenyuan¹, Zhao Wen¹, Li Jing¹

1. MOE Key Laboratory for Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116, China

Received:2020-06-15 Revised:2020-10-19 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2021-01-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相对于常规油气藏而言，非常规油气藏储层岩石孔喉尺度小、毛细管力作用突出，极大地影响油气勘探与开发。对于常规油气藏的研究，通常忽略毛细管力效应，但是对于页岩油气与煤层气等自生自储的非常规储层，其纳米孔隙发育，润湿性、毛细管力及其相渗特征的研究还存在难点。通过结合地质成藏理论和开发过程渗流理论，以致密油、煤层气和页岩油气为例，阐明了毛细管力在非常规油气成藏及开发中的作用及应用。同时，进一步刻画了油藏原始条件下油水多种分布关系及对应的流体压力分布特征，借此可以分析评价注水（气）过程润湿相与非润湿相流体渗流机理及非润湿相的卡断尺度，为二次采油、三次采油参数设计提供理论依据；通过评价高有机质含量（TOC）的煤层气储层，发现其多呈现水湿特征，强极性的水分子与孔隙介质少数极性官能团的结合力要比甲烷与孔隙有机质结合力高几倍到几十倍，而润湿角测量与毛细管力测量均体现了极性与非极性吸引力的作用，因此尽管煤层气储层有机质含量远高于无机质，但是其分子间作用力较弱导致润湿性更倾向于水湿；区别于煤层气，页岩气储层无机质体积分数远大于有机质体积分数，由于无机质孔隙原始条件多为水湿，因此该类储层多为水湿；页岩油岩石组成尽管与页岩气类似，但是由于油相具有复杂的组成，其中的表面活性物质将会影响储层的润湿性，据此影响储层的毛细管力；由于页岩油要比页岩气流动困难，渗流阻力大，但是页岩油的油水毛细管力又小于页岩气的气水毛细管力，因此需要对二者量化计算评价。

关键词: 毛细管力, 致密油, 煤层气, 页岩气, 页岩油

Abstract:

Compared with conventional oil and gas reservoirs, unconventional reservoir rocks are characterized by small pore throats and obvious capillary forces, which greatly affect oil and gas exploration and development. Currently, a large number of methods ignoring the capillary force effect are used to exploit conventional oil and gas reservoirs. However, for self-generated and self-accumulation unconventional reservoirs such as shale oil and gas and coalbed methane (CBM), with the development of nano-pores, there are still difficulties in studying their wettability, capillary force and relative permeability characteristics, and attention should be paid to the application of conventional methods. Taking the tight oil, CBM and shale oil and gas as examples, based on the accumulation theory and the seepage theory in development process, this paper clarifies the role of capillary force in the accumulation and development of unconventional oil and gas. Moreover, it further describes the multiple distribution relationships of oil and water under the original conditions of the reservoir and the corresponding distribution characteristics of fluid pressure. Thus, the seepage mechanism of the wetting and non-wetting phase fluids during water (gas)injection and the snap-off of non-wetting phase can be analyzed and evaluated, providing a theoretical basis for the parameter design of secondary/tertiary oil recovery. Additionally, this paper evaluates the CBM reservoirs with high organic content (TOC), mostly showing water-wet characteristics, and points out that the binding force between water molecules with strong polar and a few polar functional groups in the pore medium is several to several tens of times higher than that between methane and pore organic matter; the wetting angle measurement and capillary force measurement both reflect the action of polar and non-polar attractive force. Thus, although the content of organic matter in CBM reservoirs is much higher than that of inorganic matter, its weak intermolecular forces result in the wettability that tends to be more water-wet. Being different from CBM, the volume content of inorganic matter is much greater than those of organic matter in shale gas reservoirs. Because of the original water-wet environment where most of inorganic pores are developed, this type of reservoir is mostly water-wet. Although the composition of shale oil rock is similar to that of shale gas, due to the complicated composition of oil phase, the surface-active substances in it will affect the wettability of reservoir, and accordingly impact the capillary force. It is more difficult for shale oil to flow than shale gas, and the percolation resistance is noticeable; however, the oil-water capillary force of shale oil is smaller than the gas-water capillary force of shale gas, so it is necessary to quantitatively calculate and evaluate the capillary pressure of the two reservoir systems.

Key words: capillary force, tight oil, coalbed methane, shale gas, shale oil

中图分类号:

TE311

李相方, 冯东, 张涛, 孙政, 何敏侠, 刘庆, 刘文远, 赵文, 李靖. 毛细管力在非常规油气藏开发中的作用及应用[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1719-1733.

Li Xiangfang, Feng Dong, Zhang Tao, Sun Zheng, He Minxia, Liu Qing, Liu Wenyuan, Zhao Wen, Li Jing. The role and its application of capillary force in the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and its application[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(12): 1719-1733.

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毛细管力在非常规油气藏开发中的作用及应用

The role and its application of capillary force in the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and its application

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