南海北部强活动型被动陆缘盆地宝岛21-1大气田的发现及地质意义

doi:10.7623/syxb202305001

石油学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 713-729.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202305001

• 地质勘探 • 下一篇

南海北部强活动型被动陆缘盆地宝岛21-1大气田的发现及地质意义

徐长贵^1,2, 邓勇³, 吴克强⁴, 胡林⁴, 尤丽⁴

1. 中国海洋石油有限公司北京 100010;
2. 海洋油气勘探国家工程研究中心北京 100010;
3. 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司广东湛江 524057;
4. 中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司海南海口 570100

收稿日期:2023-02-01 修回日期:2023-04-23 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-05-31
通讯作者: 徐长贵,男,1971年10月生,2007年获中国地质大学(北京)工学博士学位,现为中国海洋石油有限公司勘探副总师、教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油地质与综合勘探研究。
作者简介:徐长贵,男,1971年10月生,2007年获中国地质大学(北京)工学博士学位,现为中国海洋石油有限公司勘探副总师、教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油地质与综合勘探研究。Email:xuchg@cnooc.com.cn
基金资助:
中海石油（中国）有限公司综合科研项目"南海大中型天然气田形成条件、勘探潜力与突破方向"（KJZH-2021-0003-00）资助。

Discovery and geological significance of the large gas field Baodao 21-1 in a passive epicontinental basin with strong activity in the northern South China Sea

Xu Changgui^1,2, Deng Yong³, Wu Keqiang⁴, Hu Lin⁴, You Li⁴

1. CNOOC Limited, Beijing 100010, China;
2. National Engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration, Beijing 100010, China;
3. Zhanjiang Branch, CNOOC (China) Limited, Guangdong Zhanjiang, 524057, China;
4. Hainan Branch, CNOOC (China) Limited, Hainan Haikou 570100, China

Received:2023-02-01 Revised:2023-04-23 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-05-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 宝岛凹陷是琼东南盆地新生代构造活动最强烈的凹陷，2022年在宝岛21转换断阶带发现中国首个深水深层大型气田——宝岛21-1气田，证实了宝岛凹陷的天然气资源潜力。在宝岛21-1气田基本地质特征认识的基础上，系统分析气田烃源岩富集生烃机理、储层-圈闭形成机制、断裂体系运聚机理和天然气成藏期次及成藏模式，总结针对深水深层的地球物理与测试作业攻关创新技术。宝岛21-1构造发育"双源"有机质富集，地壳强烈薄化导致构造具高热流值，烃源岩热演化加速、生气强度大；隆起区物源沿转换斜坡注入凹陷，形成大型三角洲朵叶体控制的构造+岩性圈闭；大型构造脊利于天然气汇聚，主控断层差异活动与三角洲砂岩构成高效输导系统，具备形成大型气田的地质基础。宝岛21-1气田具有多期油气充注，证实转换断阶带发育"半封闭环境富集/高热加速生烃控源—转换斜坡控圈—长期活动断裂控运—晚期多期强充注—弱活动断裂控聚"的天然气成藏富集模式。建立深水陡陆坡崎岖海底区深层油气地球物理探测关键技术，实现了构造精细落实与含气性成功预测；创建深水深层复杂流体流动安全保障与产能释放关键技术，保障了地层真实产能释放。宝岛21-1大型气田的发现，证实强活动型被动陆缘盆地油气成藏富集模式，认为相对稳定的走向斜坡型转换带是大—中型气田富集的"黄金带"。研究认识为宝岛凹陷天然气勘探指明了方向，对琼东南盆地乃至南海北部及中—南部天然气勘探具有重要的借鉴与启示意义。

关键词: 琼东南盆地, 宝岛凹陷, 转换断阶带, 深水深层, 烃类气, 大型气田

Abstract: In Qiongdongnan Basin, Baodao sag is considered as the one where the strongest Cenozoic tectonic activity occurred. In 2022, China's first large deep-water and deep-layer gas field, i.e., Baodao 21-1 gas field, was discovered in Baodao 21 transition step-fault zone, thus verifying the potential of natural gas resources of Baodao sag. Based on the understanding of the basic geological characteristics of Baodao 21-1 gas field, the paper systematically analyzes the enrichment and hydrocarbon generation mechanism of source rocks, the reservoir-trap formation mechanism, the migration and accumulation mechanism of fault system, and the accumulation stages and accumulation models of natural gas of the gas field, and summarizes the groundbreaking and innovative geophysical and testing technologies for deep-water and deep-layer gas fields. Baodao 21-1 structure develops "double source" organic matter enrichment, and the intense crustal thinning leads to high heat flow in the structure, as well as accelerated thermal evolution and high gas generation intensity of source rocks; the provenance of the uplift is injected into the sag along the transition slope, forming a tectonic and lithologic trap controlled by large delta lobes; large-scale tectonic ridges are conducive to natural gas accumulation, and the differential activities of main faults and delta sandstones constitute an efficient transport system, which can provide a geological foundation for the formation of large-scale gas fields. Baodao 21-1 gas field has multi-stage oil and gas charging, proving that the transition step-fault zone develops a natural gas accumulation and enrichment mode of "enrichment in semi-enclosed environment/accelerating hydrocarbon generation at high temperature for source control, relay ramp for trap control, long-term active fault for controlling hydrocarbon migration, late multi-stage strong charging, and weak active fault for controlling accumulation". This study develops the key technologies for deep layer oil and gas geophysical exploration in the rugged seabed area of deepwater steep slope land, thus achieving the fine construction of structure and successful prediction of gas-bearing properties, and creates key technologies for safety control of flowing of deepwater and deep layer complex fluid and capacity release, thus guaranteeing the release of real production capacity of the formations. The discovery of the large gas field Baodao 21-1 has confirmed the oil and gas accumulation and enrichment mode of passive epicontinental basin with strong activity. It is believed that the relatively stable strike slope type transition zone is the "golden zone" for enrichment in medium- and large-scale gas fields. The relevant research and understanding point out the direction for natural gas exploration in Baodao sag, and have important reference and enlightenment significance for natural gas exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin, the northern and central-southern South China Sea.

Key words: Qiongdongnan Basin, Baodao sag, transition step-fault zone, deep-water and deep-layer, hydrocarbon gas, large gas field

中图分类号:

TE122

徐长贵, 邓勇, 吴克强, 胡林, 尤丽. 南海北部强活动型被动陆缘盆地宝岛21-1大气田的发现及地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(5): 713-729.

Xu Changgui, Deng Yong, Wu Keqiang, Hu Lin, You Li. Discovery and geological significance of the large gas field Baodao 21-1 in a passive epicontinental basin with strong activity in the northern South China Sea[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(5): 713-729.

参考文献

[1] 徐长贵.中国近海油气勘探新进展与勘探突破方向[J].中国海上油气, 2022, 34(1):9-16.
XU Changgui.New progress and breakthrough directions of oil and gas exploration in China offshore area[J].China offshore oil and Gas, 2022, 34(1):9-16.
[2] 施和生, 杨计海, 张迎朝, 等.琼东南盆地地质认识创新与深水领域天然气勘探重大突破[J].中国石油勘探, 2019, 24(6):691-698.
SHI Hesheng, YANG Jihai, ZHANG Yingzhao, et al.Geological understanding innovation and major breakthrough to natural gas exploration in deep water in Qiongdongnan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(6):691-698.
[3] 吴克强, 曾清波, 李宏义, 等.南海北部天然气成藏规律与勘探领域[J].中国海上油气, 2022, 34(5):23-35.
WU Keqiang, ZENG Qingbo, LI Hongyi, et al.Accumulation laws and exploration fields of natural gas in northern South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2022, 34(5):23-35.
[4] 徐长贵, 范彩伟.南海西部近海大中型油气田勘探新进展与思考[J].中国海上油气, 2021, 33(2):13-25.
XU Changgui, FAN Caiwei.New exploration progress and thinking of offshore large-medium-sized oil and gas fields in the western South China Sea[J].China offshore oil and Gas, 2021, 33(2):13-25.
[5] 朱伟林, 张功成, 高乐.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].石油学报, 2008, 29(1):1-9.
ZHU Weilin, ZHANG Gongcheng, GAO Le.Geological characteristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern continental margin basin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2008, 29(1):1-9.
[6] 施和生, 杨计海, 张迎朝, 等.琼东南盆地地质认识创新与深水领域天然气勘探重大突破[J].中国石油勘探, 2019, 24(6):691-698.
SHI Hesheng, YANG Jihai, ZHANG Yingzhao, et al.Geological understanding innovation and major breakthrough to natural gas exploration in deep water in Qiongdongnan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(6):691-698.
[7] 王振峰, 孙志鹏, 张迎朝, 等.南海北部琼东南盆地深水中央峡谷大气田分布与成藏规律[J].中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(4):54-64.
WANG Zhenfeng, SUN Zhipeng, ZHANG Yingzhao, et al.Distribution and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of the giant deepwater central canyon gas field in Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(4):54-64.
[8] 王振峰, 李绪深, 孙志鹏, 等.琼东南盆地深水区油气成藏条件和勘探潜力[J].中国海上油气, 2011, 23(1):7-13.
WANG Zhenfeng, LI Xushen, SUN Zhipeng, et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration potential in the deep-water region, Qiongdongnan Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2011, 23(1):7-13.
[9] 张迎朝, 徐新德, 甘军, 等.琼东南盆地深水大气田地质特征、成藏模式及勘探方向研究[J].地质学报, 2017, 91(7):1620-1633.
ZHANG Yingzhao, XU Xinde, GAN Jun, et al.Study on the geological characteristics, accumulation model and exploration direction of the giant deepwater gas field in the Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2017, 91(7):1620-1633.
[10] 尤丽, 江汝锋, 徐守立, 等.琼东南盆地深水区乐东-陵水凹陷梅山组天然气成藏特征与勘探潜力[J].中国海上油气, 2021, 33(5):24-31.
YOU Li, JIANG Rufeng, XU Shouli, et al.Accumulation characteristics and exploration potential of Meishan Formation gas in Ledong-Lingshui sag, deep water area of Qiongdongnan Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2021, 33(5):24-31.
[11] 何家雄, 夏斌, 王志欣, 等.南海北部边缘盆地西区油气运聚成藏规律与勘探领域剖析[J].石油学报, 2006, 27(4):8-14.
HE Jiaxiong, XIA Bin, WANG Zhixin, et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation and exploratory orientation in the western marginal basin of the northern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2006, 27(4):8-14.
[12] 姚哲, 王振峰, 左倩媚, 等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷深水大气田形成关键要素与勘探前景[J].石油学报, 2015, 36(11):1358-1366.
YAO Zhe, WANG Zhenfeng, ZUO Qianmei, et al.critical factors for the formation of large-scale deepwater gas field in central canyon system of Southeast Hainan Basin and its exploration potential[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(11):1358-1366.
[13] 童亨茂, 范彩伟, 童传新, 等.琼东南盆地宝岛变换带的特征、类型及其成因机制[J].石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(6):897-905.
TONG Hengmao, FAN Caiwei, TONG Chuanxin, et al.Characteristics, types and genetic mechanism of Baodao transfer zone, Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(6):897-905.
[14] 徐长贵.渤海走滑转换带及其对大中型油气田形成的控制作用[J].地球科学, 2016, 41(9):1548-1560.
XU Changgui.Strike-slip transfer zone and its control on formation of medium and large-sized oilfields in Bohai Sea area[J].Earth Science, 2016, 41(9):1548-1560.
[15] XU Changgui, PENG Jingsong, WU Qingxun, et al.Vertical dominant migration channel and hydrocarbon migration in complex fault zone, Bohai Bay sag, China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019, 46(4):720-728.
[16] 徐长贵, 尤丽.琼东南盆地松南-宝岛凹陷北坡转换带特征及其对大中型气田的控制[J].石油勘探与开发, 2022, 49(6):1061-1072.
XU Changgui, YOU Li.North slope transition zone of Songnan-Baodao sag in Qiongdongnan Basin and its control on medium and large gas fields, South China Sea[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022, 49(6):1061-1072.
[17] XU Changgui, YOU Li.North slope transition zone of Songnan-Baodao sag in Qiongdongnan Basin and its control on medium and large gas fields, South China Sea[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022, 49(6):1229-1242.
[18] 邓勇, 裴健翔, 胡林, 等.南海西部海域宝岛21-1气田的发现与成藏模式[J].中国海上油气, 2022, 34(5):13-22.
DENG Yong, PEI Jianxiang, HU Lin, et al.Discovery and hydrocarbon accumulation models of Baodao 21-1 gas field in the western South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2022, 34(5):13-22.
[19] 张远泽, 漆家福, 吴景富.南海北部新生代盆地断裂系统及构造动力学影响因素[J].地球科学, 2019, 44(2):603-625.
ZHANG Yuanze, QI Jiafu, WU Jingfu.Cenozoic faults systems and its geodynamics of the continental margin basins in the northern of South China Sea[J].Earth Science, 2019, 44(2);603-625.
[20] 范彩伟, 李绪深, 刘昆, 等.琼东南盆地乐东、陵水凹陷中新统岩性地层圈闭成藏条件[J].中国海上油气, 2016, 28(2):53-59.
FAN Caiwei, LI Xushen, LIU Kun, et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation condition of Miocene litho-stratigraphic trap in Ledong & Lingshui sags, Qiongdongnan Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2016, 28(2):53-59.
[21] 张迎朝, 徐新德, 甘军, 等.琼东南盆地深水大气田地质特征、成藏模式及勘探方向研究[J].地质学报, 2017, 91(7):1620-1633.
ZHANG Yingzhao, XU Xinde, GAN Jun, et al.Study on the geological characteristics, accumulation model and exploration direction of the giant deepwater gas field in the Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2017, 91(7):1620-1633.
[22] 庞雄, 任建业, 郑金云, 等.陆缘地壳强烈拆离薄化作用下的油气地质特征——以南海北部陆缘深水区白云凹陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(1):27-39.
PANG Xiong, REN Jianye, ZHENG Jinyun, et al.Petroleum geology controlled by extensive detachment thinning of continental margin crust:a case study of Baiyun sag in the deep-water area of northern South China Sea[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(1):27-39.
[23] 任建业, 庞雄, 于鹏, 等.南海北部陆缘深水-超深水盆地成因机制分析[J].地球物理学报, 2018, 61(12):4901-4920.
REN Jianye, PANG Xiong, YU Peng, et al.Characteristics and formation mechanism of deepwater and ultra-deepwater basins in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2018, 61(12):4901-4920.
[24] 任建业, 罗盼, 高圆圆, 等.南海西南次海盆地壳岩石圈伸展破裂过程的构造、沉积和岩浆作用记录[J].地球科学, 2022, 47(7):2287-2302.
REN Jianye, LUO Pan, GAO Yuanyuan, et al.Structural, sedimentary and magmatic records during continental breakup at southwest sub-basin of South China Sea[J].Earth Science, 2022, 47(7):2287-2302.
[25] 施小斌, 于传海, 陈梅, 等.南海北部陆缘热流变化特征及其影响因素分析[J].地学前缘, 2017, 24(3):56-64.
SHI Xiaobin, YU Chuanhai, CHEN Mei, et al.Analyses of variation features and influential factors of heat flow in the northern margin of the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24(3):56-64.
[26] 张功成, 张厚和, 赵钊, 等."源热共控"中国近海盆地石油富集规律[J].中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(4):38-53.
ZHANG Gongcheng, ZHANG Houhe, ZHAO Zhao, et al."Joint control of source rocks and geothermal heat"-oil enrichment pattern of China's offshore basins[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(4):38-53.
[27] 张藜, 张新涛, 刘艺萌, 等.渤海海域深部热流体存在的证据及其对油气成藏意义——以秦皇岛29-2/2E油气田为例[J].天然气地球科学, 2021, 32(5):633-644.
ZHANG Li, ZHANG Xintao, LIU Yimeng et al.Evidence of deep fluid and its influence on gas reservoiring in Bohai Sea:case study of QHD29-2/2E oilfield[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021, 32(5):633-644.

南海北部强活动型被动陆缘盆地宝岛21-1大气田的发现及地质意义

Discovery and geological significance of the large gas field Baodao 21-1 in a passive epicontinental basin with strong activity in the northern South China Sea

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	徐立涛, 何玉林, 石万忠, 梁金强, 王任, 杜浩, 张伟, 李冠华. 琼东南盆地深水区天然气水合物成藏主控因素及模式[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(5): 598-610.
[2]	杨希冰, 周杰, 杨金海, 何小胡, 吴昊, 甘军, 游君君. 琼东南盆地深水区东区中生界潜山天然气来源及成藏模式[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(3): 283-292.
[3]	孙瑞, 韩银学, 曾清波, 王夏阳, 张功成, 赵志刚, 杨海长, 姚兴宗. 琼东南盆地深水区东段崖城组沉积特征及对海相烃源岩的控制[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(S2): 57-66.
[4]	赵省民, 邓坚, 饶竹, 文志刚, 毕彩芹, 易立, 陆程, 刘晨. 漠河盆地浅部气体特征及对天然气水合物形成的意义[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(3): 266-277.
[5]	苏奥, 陈红汉, 贺聪, 翟普强, 刘妍鷨, 雷明珠. 琼东南盆地崖城区泄压带流体活动特征及成岩响应[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(10): 1216-1230.
[6]	赵省民, 邓坚, 饶竹, 文志刚, 陆程, 刘晨. 漠河盆地多年冻土带生物气的发现及对陆域天然气水合物勘查的重要意义[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(8): 954-965.
[7]	姚哲, 王振峰, 左倩媚, 孙志鹏, 党亚云, 毛雪莲, 满晓, 李伟. 琼东南盆地中央峡谷深水大气田形成关键要素与勘探前景[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(11): 1358-1366.
[8]	魏国齐, 杜金虎, 徐春春, 邹才能, 杨威, 沈平, 谢增业, 张健. 四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系—寒武系大型气藏特征与聚集模式[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(1): 1-12.
[9]	李超, 陈国俊, 沈怀磊, 郑胜, 吕成福, 梁建设, 张义娜. 琼东南盆地中央峡谷沉积充填特征与储层分布规律[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(增刊二): 74-82.
[10]	蔡国富, 邵磊, 乔培军, 梁建设. 琼东南盆地古近纪海侵及沉积环境演化[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(增刊二): 91-101.
[11]	苏明, 解习农, 王振峰, 姜涛, 张成, 何云龙. 南海北部琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系沉积演化[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(3): 467-478.
[12]	何云龙　解习农　陆永潮　李绪深　徐　伟　邹卓超. 琼东南盆地南部梅山组强振幅体成因及油气地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(4): 617-624.
[13]	米立军王东东李增学刘海燕何玉平. 琼东南盆地崖城组高分辨率层序地层格架与煤层形成特征[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(4): 534-541.
[14]	李增学何玉平刘海燕吕大炜. 琼东南盆地崖城组煤的沉积学特征与聚煤模式[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(4): 542-547.
[15]	邵磊李昂吴国瑄李前裕刘传联乔培军. 琼东南盆地沉积环境及物源演变特征[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(4): 548-552.