石油学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 304-313.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201803005

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

运用三维地震资料确定断层滑动参数的定量化方法

陆诗阔1, 王收基2, 刘会见1, 贾祥明1, 王迪1   

  1. 1. 中国石油大学地球科学与技术学院 山东青岛 266580;
    2. 中国石化石油工程技术服务股份有限公司地球物理公司南方分公司 四川成都 610094
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-14 修回日期:2017-12-09 出版日期:2018-03-25 发布日期:2018-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 陆诗阔,男,1973年10月生,1995年获石油大学(华东)学士学位,2004年获北京大学博士学位,现为中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院副教授,主要从事盆地构造与非常规储层地质研究。Email:lskuo@sina.com
  • 作者简介:陆诗阔,男,1973年10月生,1995年获石油大学(华东)学士学位,2004年获北京大学博士学位,现为中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院副教授,主要从事盆地构造与非常规储层地质研究。Email:lskuo@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(No.41472106)和国家留学基金项目(201406455038)资助。

A quantitative method to determine fault slip parameters with 3D seismic data

Lu Shikuo1, Wang Shouji2, Liu Huijian1, Jia Xiangming1, Wang Di1   

  1. 1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China;
    2. South Branch of Geophysics Company, Sinopec Oilfiled Service Corporation, Sichuan Chengdu 610094, China
  • Received:2017-04-14 Revised:2017-12-09 Online:2018-03-25 Published:2018-04-10

摘要:

伸展盆地或挤压盆地内很多断层在发生升降运动的同时往往伴有走滑运动,但在传统地震解释过程中通常只考虑升降运动,而对断层的走滑运动分量的重视程度不够。鉴于断层滑距同时包含了断层两盘的相对升降运动和水平运动信息,其更能反映断层的真位移。从三维地震资料入手,充分运用三维地震数据体可以构建任意方向地震剖面的优势,通过引入地震学中对断层走向和运动方式的表征方法,提出了一套三维地震解释过程中确定断层滑动参数(滑移量、滑移角)的定量化方法。首先利用作图法确定出断层产状、断盘地层产状及地层界面和断层面的交线产状,然后根据2个不同产状地层界面被同一断层的错断情况,求出断层的滑移量和滑移角,该方法适用于确定覆盖区两盘未发生明显相对转动的非同生或同生断层的真位移。与传统地震解释中通常仅考虑断层升降运动相比,该方法可以同时确定出断层两盘的升降运动和水平运动性质及其运动量,克服了断层效应对认识断裂实际活动特征的制约,从而使构造解释更接近于实际构造活动状况,这对于客观揭示研究区的实际构造活动特征具有一定理论和实践意义。

关键词: 三维地震资料, 断层效应, 断层滑动参数, 计算公式, 构造解释

Abstract:

In the extensional basin or compressional basin, many faults are often accompanied by strike slip motion during the ascending and descending movement. However, in the traditional seismic interpretation process, generally only the ascending and descending movement is considered and little attention has been paid to the strike slip movement of a fault. Fault slip throw contains both the relative ascending and descending movement and the horizontal motion of two walls of a fault, much favorable to reflect the true displacement of a fault. Based on the advantageous condition that 3D seismic data can be used to construct arbitrary directional seismic profile, this paper puts forward a quantitative approach for determining the fault slip parameters (slippage and slip angle) by introducing the characterization methods of fault trend and movement mode in seismology. Firstly, the mapping is applied to determine the occurrence of fault and fault wall stratum as well as the intersection area between stratum interface and fault plane. Then, based on the situation that two stratum interfaces with different occurrences are disconnected by the same fault, the fault slippage and slip angle are calculated, and this method is suitable for determining the true displacement of non-contemporaneous or contemporaneous fault with no obvious relative rotation on two walls in the covering area. Compared with the traditional seismic interpretation only considering fault ascending and descending movement, this method can be used to determine the ascending and descending movement, horizontal movement property and momentum of two fault walls as well as overcome the restriction from fault effects on understanding the actual fault movement characteristics, thus making the tectonic interpretation results more consistent with the actual structural activities. This is of a certain theoretical and practical significance to objectively disclose the actual tectonism characteristics of study area.

Key words: 3D seismic data, fault effect, fault slip parameters, arithmetic formula, structural interpretation

中图分类号: