石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 310-328.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202003006

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

阵发性洪水控制的河流型冲积扇沉积特征及沉积演化模式——以和什托洛盖盆地北缘现代白杨冲积扇为例

高崇龙1,2, 纪友亮1, 靳军3, 王剑3, 杨召3, 罗正江3, 任影4, 张月1   

  1. 1. 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院 北京 102249;
    2. 东北石油大学陆相页岩油气成藏及高效开发教育部重点实验室 黑龙江大庆 163318;
    3. 中国石油新疆油田公司实验检测研究院 新疆克拉玛依 834000;
    4. 东北石油大学地球科学学院 黑龙江大庆 163318
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-26 修回日期:2019-08-09 出版日期:2020-03-25 发布日期:2020-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 纪友亮,男,1962年10月生,1983年获华东石油学院学士学位,1991年获石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)教授、博士生导师,主要从事石油地质学、储层地质学和层序地层学方面的研究。Email:jiyouliang@cup.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:高崇龙,男,1988年12月生,2012年获中国石油大学(华东)地质学专业学士学位,2018年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为东北石油大学讲师,主要从事沉积学、石油地质学方向研究。Email:gaoyidaitianjiao1@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(No.41902118)资助。

Sedimentary characteristics and evolution model of fluvial fan dominated by intermittent flood flows: a case study of Baiyang alluvial fan within the northern margin of Heshituoluogai Basin

Gao Chonglong1,2, Ji Youliang1, Jin Jun3, Wang Jian3, Yang Zhao3, Luo Zhengjiang3, Ren Ying4, Zhang Yue1   

  1. 1. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development(Northwest Petroleum University), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Daqing 163318, China;
    3. Research Institute of Experiment and Detection, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Karamay 834000, China;
    4. College of Geosciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Heilongjiang Daqing 163318, China
  • Received:2018-04-26 Revised:2019-08-09 Online:2020-03-25 Published:2020-04-03

摘要:

冲积扇由于其成因机制和控制因素极其复杂而难以用统一的沉积模式来表征其内部结构,因此需针对特定地质条件下的扇体分析沉积特征及建立演化模式。以和什托洛盖盆地北缘现代白杨冲积扇为例,通过对其各部位露头剖面的精细解剖及测量,并结合卫星图像及区域地质资料等,对干旱气候条件下受阵发性洪水控制的河流型冲积扇扇体的岩相特征、微相类型及其展布进行研究,并在此基础上建立了沉积模式,分析了沉积演化的控制因素。研究表明:白杨冲积扇建造过程可划分为洪水期、洪退期及间洪期3个期次,而扇体以洪水期厚层粗粒的席状化流体建造为主。洪水期自扇根到扇缘发育下切洪流微相、片流微相及非限制性洪流微相,同时在扇缘出现扇面水洼微相,且扇体周缘可发育饱水湿地。洪退期,扇体发育砾质/砂质带状河道微相,并可形成分流河道体系,但随着洪退过程的持续,分流河道数目及规模不断减小。间洪期,整个扇体以扇面改造再沉积作用为主,包括侵蚀滞留砾石层微相、风成砂微相、流沟微相及河流阶地微相,这一阶段扇体可完全废弃也可转变为河流沉积。各演化阶段洪水流体的性质及沉积微相的转变或扇体的建造/废弃均受控于阵发性洪水过程中洪水流量及沉积物负载量的变化。

关键词: 阵发性洪水, 河流型冲积扇, 沉积特征, 沉积模式, 和什托洛盖盆地, 白杨冲积扇

Abstract:

Due to the extreme complexities in the formation mechanisms and controlling factors, no uniform depositional model can be used to fully describe the sedimentary architectures of alluvial fans. Therefore, sedimentary analyses and model establishment of fans should take the specific geological setting into account. Accordingly, through detailed analysis of outcrop sections and field measurement, together with satellite images and regional geological data, this study takes the modern Baiyang alluvial fan in the northern margin of the Heshituoluogai Basin as an example to systematically study the depositional model and controlling factors of fans dominated by intermittent flood flows, which are based on the study of lithofacies characters, types and distributions of microfacies. Research results show that the building processes of Baiyang fan can be divided into three stages, namely flooding period, waning flood period and periods between flood events. Overall, the Baiyang fan is mainly constructed by thick and coarse deposits of sheet-like flood flows. Specifically, from the proximal to distal fan, the microfacies change from incised channel flood through sheetflood and to unconfined stream flood. Additionally, surficial ponds and wetland can occur within and beyond the distal fan respectively. During the waning flood period, gravelly/sandy ribbon-shaped channels can be developed, forming the distributary channel systems. However, the number and size of these distributary channels can gradually decrease as with the waning of the floods. In contrast, during the periods between flood events, the fan can be suffered surficial secondary depositional processes, including erosional lag, aeolian sand, gully and river terrace. Alternatively, the whole fan region can be abandoned and turned into river facies. Significantly, the properties of flood flows, transformation of microcfacies and construction/abandonment of the fan can be controlled by the changes in the factor of discharge and sediment concentration of the flood flows.

Key words: intermittent flood flows, fluvial fan, sedimentary characteristics, depositional model, Heshituoluogai Basin, Baiyang alluvial fan

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