全球深水盆地群分布格局与油气特征

doi:10.7623/syxb201103001

石油学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 369-378.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201103001

• 地质勘探 • 下一篇

全球深水盆地群分布格局与油气特征

张功成 1 米立军 2 屈红军 3 冯杨伟 3 范玉海 3

1中海油研究总院北京 100027； 2中海石油(中国) 有限公司勘探部北京 100010； 3西北大学地质学系陕西西安 710069

收稿日期:2010-09-28 修回日期:2011-01-20 出版日期:2011-05-25 发布日期:2011-07-19
通讯作者: 张功成
作者简介:张功成，男，1966年1月生，1994年获中国地质大学（北京）博士学位，现为中海油研究总院勘探研究院总地质师，主要从事石油地质学研究与勘探。
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划（973）项目（2009CB219400）、国家科技重大专项（2008ZX05025）和国土资源部全国油气资源战略选区调查与评价项目（XQ-2004-05与XQ-2007-05）联合资助。

A basic distributional framework of global deepwater basins and hydrocarbon characteristics

ZHANG Gongcheng 1 MI Lijun 2 QU Hongjun 3 FENG Yangwei 3 FAN Yuhai 3

Received:2010-09-28 Revised:2011-01-20 Online:2011-05-25 Published:2011-07-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球深水盆地呈“两横两竖”格局分布。“两竖”是指近南北走向的滨大西洋深水盆地群和滨西太平洋深水盆地群：前者包括巴西东部陆缘深水区7大盆地、墨西哥湾深水盆地、西非陆缘深水区11个盆地、挪威中部陆架以及北海盆地等；后者主要包括日本海盆地、澳大利亚东南部的吉普斯兰盆地等。“两横”是指近东西走向的新特提斯构造域深水盆地群与环北极深水盆地群：前者包括澳大利亚西北陆架深水区4大盆地、孟加拉湾、阿拉伯湾等；后者包括巴伦支海盆地、喀拉海盆地、拉普捷夫海盆地等。深水盆地形成于被动大陆边缘、俯冲边缘、陆—陆碰撞边缘、弧—陆碰撞边缘、转换边缘、大陆裂谷等威尔逊板块旋回的所有阶段，但以被动大陆边缘为主。滨大西洋与特提斯构造域盆地群分别受中生代以来地球东西向伸展与南北向聚敛双重因素控制。全球已发现深水油、气呈“一横一竖”分布格局，油主要分布在南北走向的滨大西洋深水盆地群，天然气主要分布在近东西走向的新特提斯构造域盆地群，二者分别受“南湖北海南北向断陷群”与“东西向海陆过渡断陷群”影响。全球深水油气勘探存在4个新领域，包括盐下和超深水区等深层新领域，以及环北极深水盆地群和滨西太平洋深水盆地群。

关键词: 深水盆地, 两竖两横, 大西洋, 新特提斯构造域, 新领域

Abstract:

The distribution of global deepwater basins is characterized by a basic framework of “double vertical and horizontal” arrangements. The “double vertical” arrangements refer to two groups of deepwater basins with a submeridional distributional framework, i.e. Atlantic offshore deepwater basins and West Pacific offshore deepwater basins. The former include seven deepwater basins along the eastern Brazilian continental margin, deepwater basins in the Gulf of Mexico, eleven deepwater basins along the West Africa continental margin, deepwater basins in the Mid-Norway continental margin, the North Sea Basin and so on. The latter include deepwater basins in the Sea of Japan and the Gippsland Basin in the Southeast of Australia, etc. The “double horizontal” arrangements stand for two groups of deepwater basins with a sublatitudinal distributional framework, i.e. offshore deepwater basins of the Neotethys structural domain and offshore deepwater basins in the circum-North Pole area, the former include four deepwater basins in the northwest shelf of Australia, deepwater basins in the Gulf of Burma, deepwater basins in the Gulf of Arab, etc. The latter include the Barents Sea deepwater basin, the Kara Sea deepwater basin, the Laptev Sea shelf basin, etc. Deepwater basins can be formed in all phases of the Wilson cycle, such as passive continental margin, subducted margin, continent-to-continent collided margin, arc-to-continent collided margin, transform margin, and marginal rift, of which the passive continental margin is the most common phase for the formation of deepwater basins. The Atlantic offshore deepwater basins and the offshore deepwater basins of the Neotethys structural domain have been controlled by the “east-west extension” and “north-south convergency” of the Earth since Mesozoic, respectively. The oil and gas discovered in deepwater basins of the world are distributed in a framework of “one vertical and one horizontal” arrangements, namely, the oil is mainly distributed in submeridional Atlantic offshore deepwater basins, while the gas comes mainly from sublatitudinal offshore deepwater basins of the Neotethys structural domain, and their distributions are affected by the so-called “south-lacus and north-marine fault depressions with north-south strike” and “transitional facies fault depressions with east-west strike”, respectively. There exist six fields of the so-called “two old and four new” domains for the current global oil-gas exploration in deepwater basins, specifically，the “two old” domains refer to the Atlantic offshore deepwater basins and offshore deepwater basins of the Neotethys structural domain, while the “four new” domains stand for presalt and ultra-deepwater formations, offshore deepwater basins in the circum-North Pole area and West Pacific offshore deepwater basins.

Key words: deepwater basin; , “double vertical and horizontal&rdquo, arrangement, Atlantic; , Neotethys structural domain; , new field

张功成米立军屈红军冯杨伟范玉海. 全球深水盆地群分布格局与油气特征[J]. 石油学报, 2011, 32(3): 369-378.

ZHANG Gongcheng MI Lijun QU Hongjun FENG Yangwei FAN Yuhai. A basic distributional framework of global deepwater basins and hydrocarbon characteristics[J]. Editorial office of ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2011, 32(3): 369-378.

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全球深水盆地群分布格局与油气特征

A basic distributional framework of global deepwater basins and hydrocarbon characteristics

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