石油学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 1-17.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201201001

• 地质勘探 •    下一篇

中国含油气盆地地温-地压系统

刘  震 1  朱文奇 1 孙 强 1 金 博 2 许晓明 3 张厚福 1   

  1. 1中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室  北京  102249; 2中国石油长城钻探工程公司解释研究中心  北京  100101; 3中海油研究总院  北京  100027
  • 收稿日期:2011-06-26 修回日期:2011-09-24 出版日期:2012-01-25 发布日期:2012-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 刘 震
  • 作者简介:刘 震,男,1963年2月生,1990年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)教授、博士生导师,主要从事石油地质学和层序地层学基础研究和教学工作。
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2009CB219408)和国家重大科技专项(2008ZX05001和2008ZX05002)资助。

Characteristics of geotemperature-geopressure systems in petroliferous basins of China

LIU Zhen 1 ZHU Wenqi 1 SUN Qiang 1 JIN Bo 2 XU Xiaoming 3 ZHANG Houfu 1   

  • Received:2011-06-26 Revised:2011-09-24 Online:2012-01-25 Published:2012-03-22

摘要:

地温-地压系统作为盆地流体动力场的耦合,直接控制着油气的运移和聚集。在中国不同类型含油气盆地中,地温-地压系统特征存在很大差异,依据含油气盆地深部和浅部温压系统的斜率关系,划分出3大类地温-地压系统模式:高压型复式温压系统模式(浅部地层压力为静水压力、深度地层压力表现为高压异常)、低压型复式温压系统模式(浅部地层压力为静水压力、深度地层压力表现为低压异常)和单一型温压系统模式(浅部与深部地层压力均为静水压力)。高压型复式温压系统内,浅层系统的斜率分布范围较窄,地区差异小;深层系统的斜率分布范围很宽,地区差异较大。低压型复式温压系统内,浅层系统的斜率分布范围较宽,地区差异很大;深层系统的斜率分布范围较窄,地区差异相对较小。单一型温压系统深、浅层系统的斜率一致且分布比较集中,地区差异不明显。地温-地压系统特征分析表明,高压型复式温压系统内深浅部地层连通性很差,在垂向断裂附近,深层流体向上运移动力很强;低压型复式温压系统内深浅部地层连通性较差,在垂向断裂附近,浅层流体具有向下运移的趋势;单一型温压系统内深浅部地层连通性很好,流体垂向运移动力不足。在中国3大类含油气盆地中,伸展型盆地主要发育高压型复式温压系统,低压型复式温压系统次之;挤压型盆地以高压型复式温压系统为主,也有低压型复式温压系统发育;克拉通盆地发育低压型复式温压系统或高压型复式温压系统。

关键词: 中国, 含油气盆地, 复式地温-地压系统, 温压系统斜率, 油气运移

Abstract:

As the coupling of hydrodynamic fields in petroliferous basins, a geotemperature-geopressure system (Geo-TPS) directly controls the migration and accumulation of oil and gas. Studies have showed that characteristics of the Geo-TPS in China differ greatly from one petroliferous basin to another. Based on the relationship of Geo-TPS slopes in shallow and deep formations, three types of Geo-TPS models were put forward: the high-pressure multiple Geo-TPS (HP-MGeo-TPS), the low-pressure multiple Geo-TPS (LP-MGeo-TPS) and the single Geo-TPS (S-Geo-TPS). As for the HP-MGeo-TPS, the slope range of the Geo-TPS is narrower in shallow formations but wider in deep formations. On the contrary, as for the LP-MGeo-TPS, the slope range of the Geo-TPS is wider in shallow formations but narrower in deep formations. And as for the S-Geo-TPS, the slope range of the Geo-TPS is relatively concentrated and regionally identical in both shallow and deep formations. A wider slope range indicates a big variation of the Geo-TPS with different basins, while a narrower slope range means a small change of the Geo-TPS with different basins. The difference of Geo-TPS characteristics suggests that a vertical connectedness in subsurface is better in the S-Geo-TPS than that either in the HP-MGeo-TPS or in the LP-MGeo-TPS. A poor connectedness may lead to an upward migration tendency of deep fluids in the HP-MGeo-TPS but a downward migration tendency of shallow fluids in the LP-MGeo-TPS along vertical fractures. Statistic data show that in China, both the HP-MGeo-TPS and the LP-MGeo-TPS develop well in extensional petroliferous basins; the HP-MGeo-TPS is more common than the LP-MGeo-TPS in compressional basins; and either the LP-MGeo-TPS or the HP-MGeo-TPS occurs in craton basins.

Key words: China;petroliferous basin, multiple geotemperature-geopressure system, slope of geotemperature-geopressure system, oil and gas migration