基于绕射波的储层预测方法及其应用

doi:10.7623/syxb201405009

石油学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 901-907.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201405009

基于绕射波的储层预测方法及其应用

赵惊涛, 李明, 张研

中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083

收稿日期:2014-04-11 修回日期:2014-07-30 出版日期:2014-09-25 发布日期:2014-08-05
通讯作者: 赵惊涛，男，1982年9月生，2007年获中国地质大学（北京）学士学位，2013年获中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博士学位，现为中国石油勘探开发研究院工程师，主要从事复杂储层地震方法预测方面的研究工作。Email：diffzjt@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:赵惊涛，男，1982年9月生，2007年获中国地质大学（北京）学士学位，2013年获中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博士学位，现为中国石油勘探开发研究院工程师，主要从事复杂储层地震方法预测方面的研究工作。Email：diffzjt@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国地质调查局项目“塔里木盆地深层油气远景区定位研究”、中国博士后科学基金第56批面上项目（2014M561001）资助。

Development and application of an effective method for reservoir predication based on seismic diffraction

Zhao Jingtao, Li Ming, Zhang Yan

PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2014-04-11 Revised:2014-07-30 Online:2014-09-25 Published:2014-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳酸盐岩缝洞、孔洞型油气藏在石油勘探中占有很大比重，其中储层预测是难题。反射波勘探时由于假设反射界面为光滑且无限大平面，因此受到纵向、横向分辨率限制，不能有效识别碳酸盐岩缝洞、孔洞型油气藏等该类地质体。基于绕射波的储层预测方法可从地震数据中去除反射波后，只利用地震波场中的绕射信息进行分析。绕射波利用的难点在于绕射波为弱信号，掩盖在强反射背景下，因此，需要去除反射能量以突显绕射信息。基于反射波与绕射波的相关性差异，给出了一种绕射波分离方法。该方法结合平面波破坏滤波与中值滤波，利用正则化反演迭代算法求取反射波平滑倾角场，同时沿着估计出的倾角进行中值滤波，进而计算出波形、振幅稳定的反射数据，最后由地震数据减去预测出的反射波，实现绕射波提取。数值模型及实际应用效果表明，该方法能够有效提取层间岩溶、溶洞、孔洞等地质信息，对碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏研究具有重要意义。

关键词: 绕射波分离, 绕射波提取, 平面波破坏滤波器, 中值滤波, 储层预测

Abstract:

Carbonate fractured and cavernous reservoirs account for a large proportion in petroleum exploration, for which reservoir prediction is a tough issue. As seismic reflection method assumes the reflection interface to be an infinite smooth plane, its application is restricted by the horizontal and vertical resolutions, which cannot detect geological bodies such as carbonate fractured and cavernous reservoirs. The seismic diffraction method for reservoir prediction only analyzes diffraction information in the seismic wave field after the removal of reflected waves from seismic data. The difficulty in using diffraction is related to the weak signal of diffracted waves which can be masked in the context of strong reflection. Thus, it is required to remove the reflected energy for highlighting the diffraction information. Based on the correlation difference between reflection and diffraction, this study presents a diffraction separation method via a combination of plane-wave destruction filter and medium filter. The proposed method adopts the regularization inversion algorithm to obtain the smooth dip angel filed of reflection, and then implements medium filter along the estimated dip angle to calculate the reflection data with stable wavelet and constant amplitude. Finally, diffraction extraction is accomplished by subtracting the predicted reflected waves from the seismic data. Numerical simulation and practical application demonstrate that the diffraction-based method can effectively extract geological information of interlayer karsts, caves, and vugs, showing a good perspective for studying carbonate fractured and cavernous reservoirs.

Key words: diffraction separation, diffraction extraction, plane wave destruction filter, medium filter, reservoir prediction

中图分类号:

P631.445

赵惊涛, 李明, 张研. 基于绕射波的储层预测方法及其应用[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(5): 901-907.

Zhao Jingtao, Li Ming, Zhang Yan. Development and application of an effective method for reservoir predication based on seismic diffraction[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2014, 35(5): 901-907.

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基于绕射波的储层预测方法及其应用

Development and application of an effective method for reservoir predication based on seismic diffraction

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