近地表Q值模型建立方法及其地震叠前补偿应用

doi:10.7623/syxb201502007

石油学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 188-196.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201502007

近地表Q值模型建立方法及其地震叠前补偿应用

陈志德, 王成, 刘国友, 丁吉丰

大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院黑龙江大庆 163712

收稿日期:2014-01-12 修回日期:2014-12-24 出版日期:2015-02-25 发布日期:2015-02-05
通讯作者: 陈志德,男,1963年2月生,1985年毕业于长春地质学院,2003年获中国地质大学(北京)地球探测与信息技术专业博士学位,现为大庆油田勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事地震反演、三维叠前深度偏移、深反射地震处理、高分辨率处理、多波地震技术研究工作。Email:chenzhd@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:陈志德,男,1963年2月生,1985年毕业于长春地质学院,2003年获中国地质大学(北京)地球探测与信息技术专业博士学位,现为大庆油田勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事地震反演、三维叠前深度偏移、深反射地震处理、高分辨率处理、多波地震技术研究工作。Email:chenzhd@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科研项目"松辽已开发油田油藏地球物理新方法、新技术研究"资助。

Modeling method of near-surface Q value and its seismic pre-stack compensation application

Chen Zhide, Wang Cheng, Liu Guoyou, Ding Jifeng

Exploration & Development Research Institute, Daqing Oilfield Company Limited, Heilongjiang Daqing 163712, China

Received:2014-01-12 Revised:2014-12-24 Online:2015-02-25 Published:2015-02-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高分辨率地震成像是松辽盆地中浅层砂岩-泥岩薄互层地质条件下储层识别与描述的基础,而近地表疏松介质引起的地震波衰减与频散,极大降低了地震分辨率。依据松辽盆地的近地表结构特征及其对地震波的衰减特性,提出了利用近地表调查资料与地震初至波幅值建立空变Q值模型的方法,并依此为基础发展了叠前地震数据近地表吸收振幅补偿与相位校正方法,来提高地震成像的分辨率。多个三维地震工区的处理结果证实,该方法具有展宽地震频带、保持相对振幅关系以及叠前压制低频噪声的优势,与常规处理成果相比,能够在保持地震低频成分的前提下展宽频带约10 Hz,为储层研究与水平井部署提供了高品质地震数据。

关键词: 近地表, 吸收, 频散, 微测井, Q值模型, 振幅补偿, 相位校正

Abstract:

The high-resolution seismic imaging is a fundamental technology for reservoir identification and description in the medium-shallow strata of Songliao Basin under the condition of thin sand-shale inter-bed. However, seismic resolution is severely reduced due to seismic wave attenuation and dispersion caused by loose near-surface media. In this study, according to the near-surface structure characteristics and its attenuation effect on seismic wave in Songliao Basin, a method for building space-variant Q value model was put forward using the near-surface survey data and amplitude of seismic first break. On this basis, a method was established through the combination of near-surface absorption amplitude compensation and phase correction on pre-stack seismic data to improve the resolution of seismic imaging. The survey results of multiple 3D seismic work areas prove that this method has such advantages as broadening seismic band, maintaining relative amplitude relations and pre-stack low-frequency noise suppressing. Compared with conventional processing results, this method can be used to broaden the band up to about 10 Hz on the premise of maintaining seismic low-frequency component, providing high-quality seismic data for reservoir research and horizontal well deployment.

Key words: near surface, absorption, dispersion, micro logging, Q value model, amplitude compensation, phase correction

中图分类号:

P631.44

陈志德, 王成, 刘国友, 丁吉丰. 近地表Q值模型建立方法及其地震叠前补偿应用[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(2): 188-196.

Chen Zhide, Wang Cheng, Liu Guoyou, Ding Jifeng. Modeling method of near-surface Q value and its seismic pre-stack compensation application[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(2): 188-196.

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(收稿日期2014-01-12 改回日期2014-12-24 编辑宋宁 )

近地表Q值模型建立方法及其地震叠前补偿应用

Modeling method of near-surface Q value and its seismic pre-stack compensation application

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