柴达木盆地北缘鄂博梁构造带超压形成机制与高压气、水层成因

doi:10.7623/syxb201506006

石油学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 699-706,714.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201506006

柴达木盆地北缘鄂博梁构造带超压形成机制与高压气、水层成因

范昌育¹, 王震亮¹, 王爱国¹, 张骁¹, 张永庶², 孔红喜²

1. 西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室西北大学地质学系陕西西安 710069;
2. 中国石油青海油田公司勘探开发研究院甘肃敦煌 736202

收稿日期:2014-10-10 修回日期:2015-02-26 出版日期:2015-06-25 发布日期:2015-08-06
通讯作者: 王震亮,男,1966年4月生,1987年获西北大学学士学位,1993年获西北大学博士学位,现为西北大学地质学系教授、博士生导师,主要从事油气地质学研究与教学工作。Email:wangzl@nwu.edu.cn
作者简介:范昌育,男,1982年7月生,2005年获西北大学学士学位,2012年获西北大学博士学位,现为西北大学地质学系讲师,主要从事断裂与油气运移研究与教学工作。Email:fancy@nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项(2011ZX05003001-003)、西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室开放课题基金和中国石油青海油田公司勘探开发研究院外协课题"鄂博梁构造带油气成藏动力学及运聚规律研究"资助。

Mechanisms for overpressure generation and origin of overpressured gas and aquifer layers, Eboliang structure belt, northern Qaidam Basin

Fan Changyu¹, Wang Zhenliang¹, Wang Aiguo¹, Zhang Xiao¹, Zhang Yongshu², Kong Hongxi²

1. State Key Laboratory for Continental Dynamics, Northwest University; Department of Geology, Northwest University, Shaanxi Xi'an 710069, China;
2. Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Ganshu Dunhuang 736202, China

Received:2014-10-10 Revised:2015-02-26 Online:2015-06-25 Published:2015-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

柴达木盆地北缘西段属于多期构造叠加的新生型前陆盆地,复杂的构造背景造就了盆地内成因复杂的超压。目前对该区超压的成因认识尚不确定,导致在钻井过程中事故频发,背斜顶部多钻遇超压水层、差气层、气-水同层。在泥岩压实研究的基础上,利用修正后的声速与有效应力图解法,识别了研究区存在的超压类型,评价了各种成因类型的超压在超压形成中的贡献,分析了研究区背斜顶部超压水层的成因。研究发现柴达木盆地北缘西段浅部地层(2 100~2 200 m以上)主要发育不均衡压实超压,而较深部地层(2 100~2 200 m以下)超压存在多元成因,主要有不均衡压实、传递及其他成因超压(如构造挤压),其中传递增压作用最为明显,对超压的复合成因段总超压的贡献最大为57% 。超压传递的途径主要有:垂向沟通深部超压地层的断裂、侧向传递背斜翼部埋深较大地层内超压的输导层。古近纪以来地层较快的沉积速率和岩性组合造就了普遍发育的不均衡压实超压,对超压的复合成因段总超压的贡献最大为43% ;其他增压机制在该地区对超压的贡献较小,大部分为4% ~6% 。研究区湖相地层背斜顶部未发现可观的高丰度气层,主要受输导条件、超压体的封隔及超压的增溶作用影响。

关键词: 超压, 超压传递, 水溶气藏, 背斜, 鄂博梁构造带, 柴达木盆地, 超压, 超压传递, 水溶气藏, 背斜, 鄂博梁构造带, 柴达木盆地

Abstract:

The western segment at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin is classified as a Cenozoic foreland basin with multi-phase structural superposition. Due to complex tectonic settings, overpressures that have complicated geneses exist in the basin. Currently, the regional overpressure origin has not been determined, due to which accidents occurs frequently and overpressured aquifer layer, poor gas-bearing layer and gas-water layer are encountered at the anticlinal top during the drilling process. Based on mudstone compaction experiment and research, the overpressure types are identified using the modified acoustic velocity and effective stress graphical method in the study area. Meanwhile, this study evaluates the contributions of overpressures with various geneses to overpressure formation and analyzes the origin of overpressured aquifer layer at the anticlinal top. Studies have indicated that disequilibrium compaction overpressure is mainly developed in the shallow strata (above 2 100-2 200 m) in the west segment at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin. However, the overpressure in the deeper strata (beneath 2 100-2 200 m) is mainly caused by disequilibrium compaction, transference and other geneses (e.g., tectonic compression). In particular, the pressurization effect of transference is most significant, and has the maximum contribution to total overpressure in the segment with complicated geneses, accounting for 57%. The paths of overpressure transference mainly include the faults vertically connecting to deep overpressured strata and the carrier bed laterally transferring overpressure in deep strata at the anticlinal wings. Since Paleogene, the fast sedimentary rate and lithological assemblage of strata have led to widespread disequilibrium compaction overpressures, of which the maximum contribution to total overpressure is 43% in the segment with complicated geneses. Other pressurization mechanisms have less contribution to regional overpressures, mainly accounting for 4 %-6%. In the study area, there exists no large-scale high-abundance gas bearing beds at the anticlinal top of lacustrine strata, mainly resulting from transfer conditions, overpressure compartment and solubilizing effect.

Key words: overpressure, overpressure transference, water soluble gas reservoir, anticline, Eboliang structure belt, Qaidam Basin, overpressure, overpressure transference, water soluble gas reservoir, anticline, Eboliang structure belt, Qaidam Basin

中图分类号:

TE132

范昌育, 王震亮, 王爱国, 张骁, 张永庶, 孔红喜. 柴达木盆地北缘鄂博梁构造带超压形成机制与高压气、水层成因[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(6): 699-706,714.

Fan Changyu, Wang Zhenliang, Wang Aiguo, Zhang Xiao, Zhang Yongshu, Kong Hongxi. Mechanisms for overpressure generation and origin of overpressured gas and aquifer layers, Eboliang structure belt, northern Qaidam Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(6): 699-706,714.

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柴达木盆地北缘鄂博梁构造带超压形成机制与高压气、水层成因

Mechanisms for overpressure generation and origin of overpressured gas and aquifer layers, Eboliang structure belt, northern Qaidam Basin

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