四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩岩溶储层特征及溶蚀作用证据

doi:10.7623/syxb201601002

石油学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 17-29.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201601002

四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩岩溶储层特征及溶蚀作用证据

单秀琴, 张静, 张宝民, 刘静江, 周慧, 王拥军, 傅卓文

中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083

收稿日期:2015-06-16 修回日期:2015-11-12 出版日期:2016-01-25 发布日期:2016-02-02
通讯作者: 单秀琴,女,1964年9月生,1984年获华东石油学院学士学位,1999年获中国地质大学硕士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事碳酸盐岩储层研究工作。Email:sxq69@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:单秀琴,女,1964年9月生,1984年获华东石油学院学士学位,1999年获中国地质大学硕士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事碳酸盐岩储层研究工作。Email:sxq69@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项(2011ZX05004)资助。

Dolomite karst reservoir characteristics and dissolution evidences of Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin

Shan Xiuqin, Zhang Jing, Zhang Baomin, Liu Jinjiang, Zhou Hui, Wang Yongjun, Fu Zhuowen

PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2015-06-16 Revised:2015-11-12 Online:2016-01-25 Published:2016-02-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

四川盆地震旦系灯影组广泛发育,是重要的天然气储产层。对其进行储层岩石学与沉积学、储集空间类型和成岩作用及演化序列的综合研究,尤其是薄片、扫描电镜鉴定和元素、碳氧同位素及流体包裹体分析,获得了溶蚀作用的微观岩石学与流体包裹体盐度资料新证据。认为储层成因具有相控型白云岩岩溶储层的典型特点,发育主控因素为特殊的沉积、成岩环境与多期多类溶蚀及破裂作用。特殊的沉积环境突出表现为干热/干燥古气候背景控制下的大型微生物礁滩体、丘滩体,这些沉积具有造架成孔特点与早期(海底)硬化功能,从而造就了原生基质空隙型储层;特殊的成岩环境则为干热/干燥古气候背景下水-岩相互作用弱、矿物稳定化进程慢和渗流豆粒、文石及高镁方解石的完好保存,尤其是有利于空隙的保存;同生-准同生期溶蚀尤其是3幕桐湾运动所导致的3期风化壳岩溶作用,致使空隙进一步溶扩,且沿断裂、裂缝还形成了大量非组构选择性的溶缝和溶洞,由此从根本上决定了储层的形成;多期裂缝尤其是晚燕山-喜马拉雅期构造缝,沟通孔隙、孔洞和溶洞而极大地提高了储层的连通性。

关键词: 白云岩, 岩溶储层, 溶蚀作用, 灯影组, 震旦系, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Sinian Dengying Formation was developed extensively as an important natural gas reserving and producing formation in Sichuan Basin.New evidences for micro-petrography and fluid inclusion salinity data in terms of dissolution were obtained through comprehensive research of reservoir petrography and sedimentology,reserving space types,diagenesis and evolutionary sequence,especially thin section identification,SEM identification,and the analysis of element,carbon and oxygen isotope as well as fluid inclusion.It is considered that Dengying Formation has the typical characteristics of facies-controlled dolomite karst reservoirs in terms of reservoir genesis.The main control factors for reservoir development include special sedimentary and diagenetic environment as well as multiphase and multi-type dissolution and failure.Special sedimentary environment is prominently represented as large microbe reef flat and mound flat bodies under the control of dry-hot/arid paleo-climate.These sediments possess frame-building and pore-forming characteristics and early(sea floor) hardening function,thus creating primary matrix porosity reservoir.Special diagenetic environment is featured by poor water-rock interaction,slow mineral stabilization process and excellent preservation of vadose pisolite,aragonite and magnesium-rich calcite under the background of dry-hot/arid paleo-climate,especially beneficial for porosity conservation.Moreover,pore expansion and massive non-texture selective dissolution fissures and caverns are resulted from syngenetic and para-syngenetic dissolution,especially three-phase weathering crust dissolution caused by three-episode Tongwan movement,which fundamentally determines the reservoir formation.Multiphase fissures,especially Late Yanshan-Himalayan tectonic fissures,establish the connection between pores,vugs and dissolution caves to largely enhance reservoir connectivity.

Key words: dolomite, karst reservoir, dissolution, Dengying Formation, Sinian, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2⁺3

单秀琴, 张静, 张宝民, 刘静江, 周慧, 王拥军, 傅卓文. 四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩岩溶储层特征及溶蚀作用证据[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(1): 17-29.

Shan Xiuqin, Zhang Jing, Zhang Baomin, Liu Jinjiang, Zhou Hui, Wang Yongjun, Fu Zhuowen. Dolomite karst reservoir characteristics and dissolution evidences of Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(1): 17-29.

参考文献

[1] 关士聪,演怀玉,丘东洲,等.中国海陆变迁海域沉积相与油气(晚元古代-三叠纪)[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:1-41.
Guan Shicong,Yan Huaiyu,Qiu Dongzhou,et al.Sedimentary facies and oil & gas in the sea area of sea level change of China(Late Proterozoic-Triassic Period)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1984:1-41.
[2] 唐天福,薛耀松,俞从流.中国南方震旦系碳酸盐岩的分布与形成环境[J].石油学报,1981,2(2):11-19.
Tang Tienfu,Xue Yaosong,Yu Congliu.Distribution and depositional environments of the Sinian carbonate rock in South China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1981,2(2):11-19.
[3] 殷继成.四川西南部震旦系研究引言[J].成都地质学院学报,1984(增刊1):1-2,88-89.
Yin Jicheng.The study of Sinian in Southwest Sichuan[J].Journal of Chengdu College of Geology,the Special Issue,1984(Supplement 1):1-2,88-89.
[4] 邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,等.四川盆地震旦系-寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.
Zou Caineng,Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,et al.Formation,distribution,resource potential and discovery of the Sinian Cambrian giant gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):278-293.
[5] 魏国齐,杜金虎,徐春春,等.四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区震旦系-寒武系大型气藏特征与聚集模式[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):1-12.
Wei Guoqi,Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,et al.Characteristics and accumulation modes of large gas reservoirs in Sinian-Cambrian of Gaoshiti-Moxi region,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):1-12.
[6] 谢增业,魏国齐,李剑,等.中国海相碳酸盐岩大气田成藏特征与模式[J].石油学报,2013,34(增刊1):29-40.
Xie Zengye,Wei Guoqi,Li Jian,et al.Reservoir characteristics and accumulation modes of large carbonate gas fields in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(Supplement 1):29-40.
[7] Lee J S,Chao Y T.Geology of the Gorge district of Yangtze(from Ichang to Tzekuei) with special reference to the development of the Gorge[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of China,1924,3(4):351-391.
[8] Cao Ruiji,Xue Yaosong.Vadose pisolites of the Tongying Formation(Upper Sinian System) in Southwest China[M]//Peryt T M.Coated Grains.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1983:538-547.
[9] 陈明,许效松,万方,等.上扬子台地晚震旦世灯影组中葡萄状-雪花状白云岩的成因意义[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(4):33-37.
Chen Ming,Xu Xiaosong,Wan Fang,et al.Genesis and significance of grape-and showflake-shaped dolomite from Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian in Upper Yangtze platform region[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2002,22(4):33-37.
[10] 向芳,陈洪德,张锦泉.资阳地区震旦系灯影组白云岩中葡萄花边的成因研究[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(增刊):136-138.
Xiang Fang,Chen Hongde,Zhang Jinquan.Studying on the origin of botryoidal lace in dolomitite of Dengying Formation,Sinian from Ziyang Sichuan[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1998,18(Supplement):136-138.
[11] 张杰,Jones B,潘立银,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组葡萄状白云岩成因[J].古地理学报,2014,16(5):715-725.
Zhang Jie,Jones B,Pan Liyin,et al.Origin of botryoidal dolostone of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(5):715-725.
[12] 刘怀仁,刘明星,胡登新,等.川西南上震旦统灯影组沉积期的暴露标志及其意义[J].岩相古地理,1991(5):1-10.
Liu Huairen,Liu Mingxing,Hu Dengxin,et al.The exposure indicators formed during the deposition of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in Southwestern Sichuan and their significance[J].Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,1991(5):1-10.
[13] 侯方浩,方少仙,王兴志,等.四川震旦系灯影组天然气藏储渗体的再认识[J].石油学报,1999,20(6):16-21.
Hou Fanghao,Fang Shaoxian,Wang Xingzhi,et al.Further understandings of the gas-reservoir rocks of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(6):16-21.
[14] 王兴志,穆曙光,方少仙,等.四川盆地西南部震旦系白云岩成岩过程中的孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,2000,18(4):549-554.
Wang Xingzhi,Mu Shuguang,Fang Shaoxian,et al.Evolution of porosity in the process of Sinian dolostone diagenesis in Southwest Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(4):549-554.
[15] 黄文明,刘树根,张长俊,等.四川盆地震旦系储层孔洞形成机理与胶结充填物特征研究[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(5):449-454.
Huang Wenming,Liu Shugen,Zhang Changjun,et al.The Formation mechanisms of cavity and characteristics of cements and fillings of Sinan system in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2009,31(5):449-454.
[16] Burne R V,Moore I S.Microbialites:organosedimentary deposits of benthic microbial communities[J].Palaios,1987,2(3):241-254.
[17] 张静,张宝民,单秀琴.古气候与古海洋对碳酸盐岩储集层发育的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):121-128.
Zhang Jing,Zhang Baomin,Shan Xiuqin.Controlling effects of paleo-climate and paleo-ocean on formation of carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):121-128.
[18] Webby B D.Patterns of Ordovician reef development[M]//Kiessling W,Flugel E,Golonka J.Phanerozoic Reef Patterns.Society for Sedimentary Geology,Special Publications,2002,72:129-179.
[19] Monty C L V,Bosence D W J,Bridges P H,et al.Carbonate mud mounds:their origin and evolution[M].Oxford:Blackwell Science,1995.
[20] 朱同兴,罗安屏.一个最古老的肾形藻泥丘相的首次发现及其地质意义:以滇东北地区震且系灯影组为例[J].岩相古地理,1992(4):20-28.
Zhu Tongxing,Luo Anping.First discovery of an oldest Ren alcis mound facies and its geological significance-an example from the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in northeastern Yunnan[J].Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,1992(4):20-28.
[21] 李凌,谭秀成,曾伟,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组灰泥丘发育特征及储集意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):666-673.
Li Ling,Tan Xiucheng,Zeng Wei,et al.Development and reservoir significance of mud mounds in Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):666-673.
[22] 彭瀚霖,刘树根,宋金民,等.川北米仓山地区灯影组微生物碳酸盐岩发育特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2014,41(2):181-191.
Peng Hanlin,Liu Shugen,Song Jinmin,et al.Characteristics of microbial carbonate rocks in Upper Sinian Dengying Formation of Micang Mountains,North Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science & Technology Edition,2014,41(2):181-191.
[23] 刘树根,黄文明,张长俊,等.四川盆地白云岩成因的研究现状及存在问题[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):6-15.
Liu Shugen,Huang Wenming,Zhang Changjun,et al.Research status of dolomite genesis and its problems in Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(2):6-15.
[24] 雷怀彦,朱莲芳.四川盆地震旦系白云岩成因研究[J].沉积学报,1992,10(2):69-78.
Lei Huaiyan,Zhu Lianfang.Study of origin of the Sinian algal and nonalgal dolomitites in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1992,10(2):69-78.
[25] 朱同兴,黄志英.地质记录中的海水白云岩化作用[J].岩相古地理,1993,13(5):16-25.
Zhu Tongxing,Huang Zhiying.Seawater dolomitization in geologic records[J].Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,1993,13(5):16-25.
[26] 王士峰,向芳.资阳地区震旦系灯影组白云岩成因研究[J].岩相古地理,1999,19(3):21-29.
Wang Shifeng,Xiang Fang.The origin of the dolostones from the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Ziyang district,Sichuan[J].Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,1999,19(3):21-29.
[27] 方少仙,侯方浩,董兆雄.上震旦统灯影组中非叠层石生态系兰细菌白云岩[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):96-105.
Fang Shaoxian,Hou Fanghao,Dong Zhaoxiong.Non stromatoltite ecologic system cyanobacteria dolostone in Dengying Formation of upper-Sinian[J].Acta Sedim entologica Sinica,2003,21(1):96-105.
[28] 翟永红,郭成贤,郭建华,等.中扬子台地北缘灯影组白云岩研究[J].矿物岩石,1996,16(3):36-42.
Zhai Yonghong,Guo Chengxian,Guo Jianhua,et al.Study on dolomites from Dengying Formation(Sinian) at the Northern Margin of Middle Yangtz Platform[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1996,16(3):36-42.
[29] 樊茹,邓胜徽,张学磊.碳酸盐岩碳同位素地层学研究中数据的有效性[J].地层学杂志,2010,34(4):445-451.
Fan Ru,Deng Shenghui,Zhang Xuelei.The data validity evluation of carbonate δ13C in C-isotope chemo stratigraphy[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2010,34(4):445-451.
[30] 陈孝红,李华芹,陈立德,等.三峡地区震旦系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):66-73.
Chen Xiaohong,Li Huaqin,Chen Lide,et al.Carbon and oxygen isotope features of the Sinian carbonate strata in the Three Gorges Region[J].Geological Review,2003,49(1):66-73.
[31] Dilliard K A,Pope M C,Coniglio M,et al.Stable isotope geochemistry of the lower Cambrian Sekwi Formation,Northwest Territories,Canada:implications for ocean chemistry and secular curve generation[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2007,256(3/4):174-194.
[32] 张水昌,Wang R L,金之钧,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪-奥陶纪优质烃源岩沉积与古环境变化的关系:碳氧同位素新证据[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):459-466.
Zhang Shuichang,Wang Ruiliang,Jin Zhijun,et al.The relationship between the Cambrian-Ordovician High-TOC source rock development and paleoenvironment variations in the Tariam Basin,Western China:carbon and oxygen isotope evidence[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(3):459-466.
[33] 由雪莲,孙枢,朱井泉,等.微生物白云岩模式研究进展[J].地学前缘,2011,18(4):52-64.
You Xuelian,Sun Shu,Zhu Jingquan,et al.Progress in the study of microbial dolomite model[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(4):52-64.
[34] Lohmann K C.Geochemical patterns of meteoric diagenetic systems and their application to studies of paleokarst[M]//James N P,Choquette P W.Paleokarst.New York:Springer-Verlag,1988:58-80.
[35] Choquette P W,Pray L C.Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in sedimentary carbonates[J].AAPG Bulletin,1970,54(2):207-250.
[36] 全国地层委员会编委会.中国地层表[Z].2014.
National Commission on stratigraphy of China.China stratigraphy chart[Z].2014.
[37] Meylan M A,Glasby G P,Knedler K E,et al.Metalliferous deep-sea sediments[M]//Wolf K H.Handbook of Strata-Bound and Stratiform Ore Deposits(Vol.9).Amsterdam:Elsevier,1981:77-178.
[38] 马文辛,刘树根,陈翠华,等.渝东地区震旦系灯影组硅质岩地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2011,30(2):160-171.
Ma Wenxin,Liu Shugen,Chen Cuihua,et al.Geochemical characteristics of the siliceous rock in the Upper Sinian Denying Formation in the Eastern Chongqing,China[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2011,30(2):160-171.
[39] 单秀琴,张宝民,张静,等.古流体恢复及其在储集层形成机理研究中的应用:以塔里木盆地奥陶系为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):666-673.
Shan Xiuqin,Zhang Baomin,Zhang Jing,et al.Paleofluid restoration and its application in studies of reservoir forming:a case study of the Ordovician in Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(3):666-673.
[40] 向芳,张锦泉,陈洪德.资阳地区震旦系充填白云石与古岩溶[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(3):436-442.
Xiang Fang,Zhang Jinquan,Chen Hongde.Filling dolomites and paleokarst of Sinian in Ziyang area[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,1998,25(3):436-442.
[41] 林刚,王兴志,刘志尧,等.川中灯影组碳酸盐岩岩溶地层测井响应特征[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2014,34(4):59-67.
Lin Gang,Wang Xingzhi,Liu Zhiyao,et al.Well logging interpretation of the carbonate karst strata in the Dengying Formation in central Sichuan[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2014,34(4):59-67.
[42] 张鼐,单秀琴,欧光习,等.SY/T 6010-2011沉积盆地流体包裹体显微测温方法[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
Zhang Nai,Shan Xiuqin,Ou Guangxi,et al.SY/T 6010-2011 Test method for fluid inclusion in sedimentary basin by microthermometry[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[43] Moore C H.Carbonate reservoirs:porosity evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001.
[44] Meyers W J,Lohmann K C.Isotope geochemistry of regionally extensive calcite cement zones and marine components in Mississippian limestones,New Mexico[M]//Harris P M,Schneidermann N.Carbonate Cements.Tulsa,OK:SEPM Special Publication,1985,36:223-239.

四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩岩溶储层特征及溶蚀作用证据

Dolomite karst reservoir characteristics and dissolution evidences of Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	鲁雪松, 柳少波, 田华, 马行陟, 于志超, 范俊佳, 桂丽黎, 刘强. 深层背斜圈闭中泥岩盖层完整性评价方法及其应用——以四川盆地川中地区震旦系气藏为例[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(4): 415-427.
[2]	闫海军, 彭先, 夏钦禹, 徐伟, 罗文军, 李新豫, 张林, 朱秋影, 朱迅, 刘曦翔. 高石梯—磨溪地区灯影组四段岩溶古地貌分布特征及其对气藏开发的指导意义[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(6): 658-670,752.
[3]	谷一凡, 周路, 蒋裕强, 倪佳, 李俊良, 朱讯, 付永红, 蒋增政. 四川盆地高石梯区块震旦系灯影组四段储层类型及气井产能模式[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(5): 574-583.
[4]	何治亮, 聂海宽, 胡东风, 蒋廷学, 王濡岳, 张钰莹, 张光荣, 卢志远. 深层页岩气有效开发中的地质问题——以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(4): 379-391.
[5]	杨威, 魏国齐, 谢武仁, 马石玉, 金惠, 苏楠, 孙爱, 沈珏红, 郝翠果, 武赛军. 川中地区龙王庙组优质储层发育的主控因素及成因机制[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(4): 421-432.
[6]	高国辉, 曹剑, 罗冰, 肖笛, 张亚, 陈聪. 四川盆地西北部中二叠统海相混合型烃源岩的证据及对双鱼石大气藏的成藏贡献[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(4): 433-445.
[7]	聂海宽, 李东晖, 姜涛, 颜彩娜, 杜伟, 张光荣. 基于笔石带特征的页岩等时地层测井划分方法及意义——以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(3): 273-283.
[8]	郭建春, 陶亮, 陈迟, 李鸣, 赵志红. 川南地区龙马溪组页岩混合润湿性评价新方法[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(2): 216-225.
[9]	王玉满, 王红岩, 沈均均, 拜文华, 董大忠, 邱振, 李新景, 王灿辉. 川北—鄂西地区下志留统龙马溪组上段厚层斑脱岩的新发现及地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(11): 1309-1323.
[10]	何昌龙, 吕龑, 黄天俊, 李益, 郗诚, 钟光海, 吴仕虎, 杨广广, 干大勇. 基于岩石物理分析的页岩气叠前预测方法在川南威远地区的应用[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(10): 1209-1218.
[11]	蔡忠贤, 张恒, 漆立新, 云露, 曹自成, 沙旭光. 塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统岩溶水文地貌结构类型及特征[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(1): 43-58.
[12]	兰才俊, 徐哲航, 马肖琳, 胡超, 陈浩如, 邹华耀. 四川盆地震旦系灯影组丘滩体发育分布及对储层的控制[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(9): 1069-1084.
[13]	肖富森, 黄东, 张本健, 唐大海, 冉崎, 唐青松, 尹宏. 四川盆地侏罗系沙溪庙组天然气地球化学特征及地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(5): 568-576,586.
[14]	杨跃明, 杨雨, 杨光, 宋家荣, 文龙, 邓传光, 夏茂龙, 冉崎, 段国彬, 罗冰, 谢冰. 安岳气田震旦系、寒武系气藏成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(4): 493-508.
[15]	严威, 杨果, 易艳, 左小军, 王孝明, 娄洪, 饶华文. 塔里木盆地柯坪地区上震旦统白云岩储层特征与成因[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(3): 295-307,321.