四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气“源-盖控藏”富集

doi:10.7623/syxb201605001

石油学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 557-571.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201605001

• 地质勘探 • 下一篇

四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气“源-盖控藏”富集

聂海宽, 金之钧, 边瑞康, 杜伟

中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室中国石油化工集团公司页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室北京 100083

收稿日期:2015-09-28 修回日期:2016-02-21 出版日期:2016-05-25 发布日期:2016-06-06
通讯作者: 聂海宽,男,1982年4月生,2005年获中国地质大学(北京)学士学位,2010年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质研究工作。Email:niehk.syky@sinopec.com
作者简介:聂海宽,男,1982年4月生,2005年获中国地质大学(北京)学士学位,2010年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质研究工作。Email:niehk.syky@sinopec.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(No.41202103)资助。

The “source-cap hydrocarbon-controlling” enrichment of shale gas in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery

Nie Haikuan, Jin Zhijun, Bian Ruikang, Du Wei

Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute;State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development;Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration & Production, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2015-09-28 Revised:2016-02-21 Online:2016-05-25 Published:2016-06-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据页岩气地质理论研究进展和勘探发现,基于"源-盖控烃"论分析了四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气富集的主控因素。①"源控"主要表现在优质页岩厚度、面积、有机碳含量等物质基础参数控制了页岩的生烃能力和储集能力,上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组一段下部页岩(WF2-LM4笔石页岩段)具有沉积速率低、有机质类型好、有机碳含量高和生烃能力强等特点,具备良好的页岩气发育生烃物质基础;浮游藻类来源的成烃生物有利于大量生烃和有机质孔大量发育,且高有机碳含量保证了发育大量有机质孔并形成三维连通的有机质孔孔隙网络,为天然气提供良好的赋存空间和渗流通道。②"盖控"的盖层包括直接盖层和间接盖层,直接盖层指龙马溪组一段中上部(LM5笔石页岩段及其以上)页岩对五峰组和龙马溪组一段下部页岩(WF2-LM4笔石页岩段)的封闭;中下三叠统膏盐岩、泥岩间接盖层(区域盖层)保证了一定的压力封闭,使得其下的五峰组和龙马溪组页岩气能有效富集,形成高压富集的页岩气藏(焦石坝、富顺-永川、长宁等地区);在中下三叠统缺失的地区,先存的高压封闭体系被破坏,页岩气保存失去有效性,形成低压-常压富集的页岩气藏(渝东南彭水、云南昭通等地区)。源-盖空间匹配关系的数量(静态匹配)和质量(动态匹配)控制着页岩气富集位置和富集程度。四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组一段下部页岩(WF2-LM4笔石页岩段)发育厚度大,中下三叠统膏盐岩、泥岩盖层发育,主成藏期在J₃-K₁以新的地区,是四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气富集的有利地区。

关键词: 页岩气, 源-盖控藏, 盖层, 龙马溪组, 四川盆地及其周缘

Abstract:

Based on the exploration discoveries of shale gas and research progresses of relevant geological theory as well as "source-cap controlling hydrocarbon" theory, the main controlling factors of shale gas enrichment in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery were analyzed:(1) "Source control" means that the shale hydrocarbon generation and reserving capacity can be controlled by the thickness, area, total organic carbon content of high-quality shale and other basic factors. The shale in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Member 1 of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation (WF2-LM4 graptolite shale member) is characterized by slow sedimentary rate, good type of organic matter, high total organic carbon content and great hydrocarbon generation capacity, thus providing a favorable hydrocarbon-generation material basis for shale gas development; the hydrocarbon-generation materials such as planktonic algae are beneficial for massive hydrocarbon generation and organic matter development, and high organic carbon content is able to ensure the development of massive organic-matter pores, so as to form a three-dimensional connected network of organic-matter pores and provide favorable occurrence space and flow channel for natural gas. (2) In terms of "cap control" theory, the cap can be divided into direct cap and indirect cap. Direct cap refers to the confining bed between the shale in mid-upper Member 1 of Longmaxi Formation (LM5 graptolite shale member and above) and that in Wufeng Formation and the lower Member 1 of Longmaxi Formation (WF2-LM4 graptolite shale member). Indirect cap (regional cap) in the Mid-Lower Triassic gypsum rocks and mudstones can guarantee the pressure sealing to a certain degree. As a result, the shale in Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation can be effectively enriched to form high-pressure enriched shale gas reservoirs (Jiaoshiba, Fushun-Yongchuan and Changning, etc.). In the regions with absent Mid-Lower Triassic, the pre-existing high-pressure closed system was destroyed and the shale gas preservation availability was lost, thus forming the shale gas reservoirs enriched under low-normal pressure (Pengshui in southeastern Chongqing, Zhaotong in Yunnan, etc.) The enrichment location and degree of shale gas is controlled by the quantity (static match) and quality (dynamic match) of source-cap spatial match relationship. Research results indicate that the shale in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-lower Member 1 of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery (WF2-LM4 graptolite shale member) is developed with a large thickness, together with Mid-Lower Triassic gypsum rocks and mudstones. The regions with the main reservoir accumulation period of J₃-K₁ or after J₃-K₁ are favorable areas for shale gas enrichment in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery.

Key words: shale gas, source-cap hydrocarbon-controlling, cap rock, Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin and its periphery

中图分类号:

TE122

聂海宽, 金之钧, 边瑞康, 杜伟. 四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气“源-盖控藏”富集[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(5): 557-571.

Nie Haikuan, Jin Zhijun, Bian Ruikang, Du Wei. The “source-cap hydrocarbon-controlling” enrichment of shale gas in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(5): 557-571.

参考文献

[1] 金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):15-22.
Jin Zhijun.Particularity of petroleum exploration on marine carbonate strata in China sedimentary basins[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):15-22.
[2] 聂海宽,何发岐,包书景.中国页岩气地质特殊性及其勘探对策[J].天然气工业,2011,31(11):111-116.
Nie Haikuan,He Faqi,Bao Shujing.Peculiar geological characteristics of shale gas in China and its exploration countermeasures[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(11):111-116.
[3] 王红岩,刘玉章,董大忠,等.中国南方海相页岩气高效开发的科学问题[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):574-579.
Wang Hongyan,Liu Yuzhang,Dong Dazhong,et al.Scientific issues on effective development of marine shale gas in southern China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):574-579.
[4] 金之钧,胡宗全,高波,等.川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产控制因素[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):1-10.
Jin Zhijin,Hu Zongquan,Gao Bo,et al.Controlling factors on the enrichment and high productivity of shale gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):1-10.
[5] 邹才能,董大忠,王玉满,等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(一)[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):689-701.
Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,et al.Shale gas in China:characteristics,challenges and prospects (Ⅰ)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):689-701.
[6] 张金川,金之钧,袁明生.页岩气成藏机理和分布[J].天然气工业,2004,24(7):15-18.
Zhang Jinchuan,Jin Zhijun,Yuan Mingsheng.Reservoiring mechanism of shale gas and its distribution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(7):15-18.
[7] 聂海宽,张金川.页岩气聚集条件及含气量计算:以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界为例[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):349-361.
Nie Haikuan,Zhang Jinchuan.Shale gas accumulation conditions and gas content calculation:a case study of Sichuan Basin and its periphery in the Lower Paleozoic[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):349-361.
[8] Nie Haikuan,Zhang Jinchuan,Jiang Shengling.Types and characteristics of the lower silurian shale gas reservoirs in and around the Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition),2015,89(6):1973-1985.
[9] 于炳松.页岩气储层的特殊性及其评价思路和内容[J].地学前缘,2012,19(3):252-258.
Yu Bingsong.Particularity of shale gas reservoir and its evaluation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(3):252-258.
[10] 聂海宽,边瑞康,张培先,等.川东南地区下古生界页岩储层微观类型与特征及其对含气量的影响[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):331-343.
Nie Haikuan,Bian Ruikang,Zhang Peixian,et al.Micro-types and characteristics of shale reservoir of the Lower Paleozoic in Southeast Sichuan Basin,and their effects on the gas content[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(4):331-343.
[11] 薛冰,张金川,唐玄,等.黔西北龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构及储气特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(2):138-149.
Xue Bing,Zhang Jinchuan,Tang Xuan,et al.Characteristics of microscopic pore and gas accumulation on shale in Longmaxi Formation,northwest Guizhou[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(2):138-149.
[12] 聂海宽,包书景,高波,等.四川盆地及其周缘下古生界页岩气保存条件研究[J].地学前缘,2012,19(3):280-294.
Nie Haikuan,Bao Shujing,Gao Bo,et al.A study of shale gas preservation conditions for the Lower Paleozoic in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(3):280-294.
[13] Xu Zhengyu,Xiong Shaoyun,Wang Gaocheng,et al.Lower paleozoic shale gas preservation condition analysis and evaluation in the Yangtze Block[J].Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition),2014,88(S 2):1700-1702.
[14] 张金川,聂海宽,徐波,等.四川盆地页岩气成藏地质条件[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):151-156.
Zhang Jinchuan,Nie Haikuan,Xu Bo,et al.Geological condition of shale gas accumulation in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(2):151-156.
[15] 聂海宽,唐玄,边瑞康.页岩气成藏控制因素及我国南方页岩气发育有利区预测[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):484-491.
Nie Haikuan,Tang Xuan,Bian Ruikang.Controlling factors for shale gas accumulation and prediction of potential development area in shale gas reservoir of South China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):484-491.
[16] 聂海宽,张金川,包书景,等.四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统-下志留统页岩气聚集条件[J].石油与天然气地质, 2012,33(3):335-345.
Nie Haikuan,Zhang Jinchuan,Bao Shujing,et al.Shale gas accumulation conditions of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2012,33(3):335-345.
[17] 张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩气资源评价方法与技术:概率体积法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):184-191.
Zhang Jinchuan,Lin Lamei,Li Yuxi,et al.The method of shale gas assessment:probability volume method[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):184-191.
[18] Jin Zhijun.Formation and accumulation of oil and gas in marine carbonate sequences in Chinese sedimentary basins[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55(3):368-385.
[19] 金之钧.从源-盖控烃看塔里木台盆区油气分布规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):763-770.
Jin Zhijun.A study on the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs controlled by source-cap rock assemblage in unmodified foreland region of Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(6):763-770.
[20] Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,et al.Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(6):1071-1098.
[21] Wang Guochang,Carr T R.Organic-rich Marcellus Shale lithofacies modeling and distribution pattern analysis in the Appalachian Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(12):2173-2205.
[22] Chen Xu,Rong Jiayu,Charles E M,et al.Late Ordovician to earliest Silurian graptolite and brachiopod biozonation from the Yangtze region,South China,with a global correlation[J].Geological Magazine,2000,137(6):623-650.
[23] 樊隽轩,吴磊,陈中阳,等.四川兴文县麒麟乡五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩的生物地层序列[J].地层学杂志,2013,37(4):513-520.
Fan Junxuan,Wu Lei,Chen Zhongyang,et al.Biostratigraphy of the Wufeng-Lungmachi black shales at Qilin,Xingwen County,Sichuan province[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2013,37(4):513-520.
[24] 陈旭,樊隽轩,张元动,等.五峰组及龙马溪组黑色页岩在扬子覆盖区内的划分与圈定[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(4):351-358.
Chen Xu,Fan Junxuan,Zhang Yuandong,et al.Subdivision and delineation of the Wufeng and Lungmachi black shales in the subsurface areas of the Yangtze platform[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2015,39(4):351-358.
[25] 梁狄刚,郭彤楼,边立曾,等.中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干新进展(三):南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的沉积相及发育的控制因素[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(2):1-19.
Liang Digang,Guo Tonglou,Bian Lizeng,et al.Some progresses on studies of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in marine sedimentary regions,southern China (Part 3):controlling factors on the sedimentary facies and development of palaeozoic marine source rocks[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(2):1-19.
[26] 秦建中,陶国亮,腾格尔,等.南方海相优质页岩的成烃生物研究[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(3):262-269.
Qin Jianzhong,Tao Guoliang,Tenger,et al.Hydrocarbon-forming organisms in excellent marine source rocks in South China[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2010,32(3):262-269.
[27] 秦建中,申宝剑,陶国亮,等.优质烃源岩成烃生物与生烃能力动态评价[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(4):465-472.
Qin Jianzhong,Shen Baojian,Tao Guoliang,et al.Hydrocarbon-forming organisms and dynamic evaluation of hydrocarbon generation capacity in excellent source rocks[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2014,36(4):465-472.
[28] Curtis J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[29] Hill R J,Zhang E,Katz B J,et al.Modeling of gas generation from the Barnett Shale,Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):501-521.
[30] 段文哲.四川长宁晚奥陶世-早志留世笔石生物地层及同位素地层研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.
Duan Wenzhe.Graptolite biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian in Changning,Sichuan,China[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences (Beijing),2011.
[31] 马力,陈焕疆,甘克文,等.中国南方大地构造和海相油气地质(上册)[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:1-200.
Ma Li,Chen Huanjiang,Gan Kewen,et al.Geostructure and marine facies hydrocarbon geology of South China (Volume One)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004:1-200.
[32] 王秀平,牟传龙,葛详英,等.川南及邻区龙马溪组黑色岩系矿物组分特征及评价[J].石油学报,2015,36(2):150-162.
Wang Xiuping,Mou Chuanlong,Ge Xiangying,et al.Mineral component characteristics and evaluation of black rock series of Longmaxi Formation in Southern Sichuan and its periphery[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(2):150-162.
[33] 樊隽轩,Melchin M J,陈旭,等.华南奥陶-志留系龙马溪组黑色笔石页岩的生物地层学[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(1):130-139.
Fan Junxuan,Melchin M J,Chen Xu,et al.Biostratigraphy and geography of the Ordovician-Silurian Lungmachi black shales in South China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2011,54(12):1854-1863.
[34] 王怿,樊隽轩,张元动,等.湖北恩施太阳河奥陶纪-志留纪之交沉积间断的研究[J].地层学杂志,2011,35(4):361-367.
Wang Yi,Fan Junxuan,Zhang Yuandong,et al.On the Ordovician-Silurian depositional hiatus at Taiyanghe,Enshi,Hubei province[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2011,35(4):361-367.
[35] 金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气形成与富集规律[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(7):910-926.
Jin Zhijun.Formation and accumulation of oil and gas in marine carbonate sequences in Chinese sedimentary basins[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55(3):368-385.
[36] 肖开华,李双建,汪新伟,等.中、上扬子区志留系油气成藏特点与勘探前景[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):589-596.
Xiao Kaihua,Li Shuangjian,Wang Xinwei,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation features and exploration direction in the Silurian of the Middle-Upper Yangtze platform[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2008,29(5):589-596.
[37] 金之钧,袁玉松,刘全有,等.J3-K1构造事件对南方海相源盖成藏要素的控制作用[J].中国科学:地球科学, 2012,42(12):1791-1801.
Jin Zhijun,Yuan Yusong,Liu Quanyou,et al.Controls of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tectonic event on source rocks and seals in marine sequences,South China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,56(2):228-239.

四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气“源-盖控藏”富集

The “source-cap hydrocarbon-controlling” enrichment of shale gas in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	鲁雪松, 柳少波, 田华, 马行陟, 于志超, 范俊佳, 桂丽黎, 刘强. 深层背斜圈闭中泥岩盖层完整性评价方法及其应用——以四川盆地川中地区震旦系气藏为例[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(4): 415-427.
[2]	吴建发, 赵圣贤, 范存辉, 夏自强, 季春海, 张成林, 曹埒焰. 川南长宁地区龙马溪组富有机质页岩裂缝发育特征及其与含气性的关系[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(4): 428-446.
[3]	糜利栋. 基于产气剖面的页岩气离散裂缝网络反演方法[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(4): 481-491.
[4]	何骁, 吴建发, 雍锐, 赵圣贤, 周小金, 张洞君, 张德良, 钟成旭. 四川盆地长宁—威远区块海相页岩气田成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(2): 259-272.
[5]	梁兴, 徐政语, 张介辉, 张朝, 李兆丰, 蒋佩, 蒋立伟, 朱斗星, 刘臣. 浅层页岩气高效勘探开发关键技术——以昭通国家级页岩气示范区太阳背斜区为例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(9): 1033-1048.
[6]	陈浩, 周涛, 樊怀才, 张鉴, 杨胜来. 页岩储层人工裂缝岩样制备方法及应力敏感性[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(9): 1117-1126.
[7]	李俊乾, 卢双舫, 张鹏飞, 李文镖, 荆铁亚, 冯文俊. 页岩基质孔隙水定量表征及微观赋存机制[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(8): 979-990.
[8]	毕海滨, 孟昊, 高日丽, 郑婧, 徐小林, 鞠秀娟, 牛伟, 张劲, 周明庆, 赵丽华. 页岩气未开发区单井可采储量评估方法[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(5): 565-573.
[9]	何治亮, 聂海宽, 胡东风, 蒋廷学, 王濡岳, 张钰莹, 张光荣, 卢志远. 深层页岩气有效开发中的地质问题——以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(4): 379-391.
[10]	聂海宽, 李东晖, 姜涛, 颜彩娜, 杜伟, 张光荣. 基于笔石带特征的页岩等时地层测井划分方法及意义——以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(3): 273-283.
[11]	郭建春, 陶亮, 陈迟, 李鸣, 赵志红. 川南地区龙马溪组页岩混合润湿性评价新方法[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(2): 216-225.
[12]	郭彤楼, 何希鹏, 曾萍, 高玉巧, 张培先, 何贵松. 复杂构造区页岩气藏地质特征与效益开发建议——以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1490-1500.
[13]	邱楠生, 冯乾乾, 腾格尔, 申宝剑, 马中良, 俞凌杰, 曹爱强. 川东南丁山地区燕山期—喜马拉雅期差异构造-热演化与页岩气保存[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1610-1622.
[14]	李相方, 冯东, 张涛, 孙政, 何敏侠, 刘庆, 刘文远, 赵文, 李靖. 毛细管力在非常规油气藏开发中的作用及应用[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1719-1733.
[15]	王玉满, 王红岩, 沈均均, 拜文华, 董大忠, 邱振, 李新景, 王灿辉. 川北—鄂西地区下志留统龙马溪组上段厚层斑脱岩的新发现及地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(11): 1309-1323.