源-储分离型凝灰岩致密油藏形成机理与成藏模式

doi:10.7623/syxb201608004

石油学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 975-985.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201608004

源-储分离型凝灰岩致密油藏形成机理与成藏模式

黄志龙¹, 马剑¹, 梁世君², 梁浩², 陈旋², 康积伦²

1. 中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京 102249;
2. 中国石油吐哈油田公司新疆哈密 839009

收稿日期:2015-11-11 修回日期:2016-03-15 出版日期:2016-08-25 发布日期:2016-09-02
通讯作者: 黄志龙,男,1962年9月生,1984年获华东石油学院学士学位,2002年获中国矿业大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)教授、博士生导师,主要从事油气藏形成机理与分布规律、非常规油气地质方面的教学和研究工作。Email:huang5288@163.com
作者简介:马剑,女,1987年2月生,2009年获中国石油大学(北京)学士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)博士研究生,主要从事油气藏形成机理与分布规律、非常规油气地质方面的研究。Email:202majian@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“含有机质沉凝灰岩有机质-玻璃质-微孔隙形成演化关系及致密油藏形成意义”（No.41472111）资助。

Formation mechanism and hydrocarbon accumulation model of separated source-reservoir type tight tuff reservoir

Huang Zhilong¹, Ma Jian¹, Liang Shijun², Liang Hao², Chen Xuan², Kang Jilun²

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Hami 839009, China

Received:2015-11-11 Revised:2016-03-15 Online:2016-08-25 Published:2016-09-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于致密油藏储层致密，原油充注的阻力较大，烃源岩的高剩余压力是致密油藏原油充注的主要动力，因此，致密油藏一般为源内型和近源型。与以往已发现的大多数致密油藏不同，三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷条湖组凝灰岩致密油藏属于源-储分离型致密油藏。通过油源对比、压汞、岩石润湿性和油水驱替实验等方法，结合地质条件综合分析了条湖组凝灰岩致密油藏的类型、原油的来源、原油充注机理和成藏模式。研究表明：凝灰岩致密油藏的原油主要来自下伏芦草沟组二段烃源岩，属于源-储分离型致密油藏；条湖组凝灰岩中沉积有机质生成原油的极性组分优先吸附在孔隙表面，使得岩石润湿性转为偏亲油，加之凝灰岩孔喉比小，从而导致油驱水启动压力梯度较小，这是远源的凝灰岩致密储层内原油能够得以充注成藏和富集的主要原因。凝灰岩内致密油的成藏与富集主要受控于凝灰岩储层质量和芦草沟组二段良好的排烃条件及断裂-裂缝输导体系，其成藏模式为：“自源润湿、它源成藏、断-缝输导、多点充注、有效凝灰岩储层大面积富集”。

关键词: 凝灰岩, 致密油, 孔隙结构, 启动压力梯度, 润湿性, 三塘湖盆地

Abstract:

Due to the tight oil reservoir with large crude charging resistance, the high residual pressure of source rocks is the main motivation for crude charging in tight oil reservoir. Therefore, tight oil reservoirs are generally divided into inner-source type and near-source type. Different from the majority of previously discovered tight oil reservoirs, tight tuff reservoirs in Tiaohu Formation, Malang depression, Santanghu Basin are separated source-reservoir type tight tuff reservoirs. Based on oil source correlation, mercury injection, rock wettability, oil-water displacement experiments and other methods in combination with geological conditions, the type, source, oil charging mechanism and hydrocarbon accumulation model of tight tuff reservoir in Tiaohu Formation were comprehensively analyzed. The research indicates that the crude oil in the separated source-reservoir type tight tuff reservoirs are mainly originated from the underlying source rocks in Member 2 of Lucaogou Formation. The polar components of crude oil generated by the sedimentary organic matters of tuffs in Tiaohu Formation are preferentially adsorbed on pore surface, leading to partially lipophilic rock wettability. In addition, the small pore-throat ratio of tuff results in the small starting pressure gradient of oil displacing water, which is a major cause for charging, accumulation and enrichment of crude oil in the tight tuff reservoirs far from source rocks. Hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment in tuffs are mainly controlled by tuff reservoir quality, good hydrocarbon expulsion condition of Member 2 of Lucaogou Formation and fault-fracture migrating system. The hydrocarbon accumulation model is described as "self-source wettability, accumulation in allochthonous reservoirs, fault-fracture migration, multi-point charging and large-area enrichment of effective tuff reservoir".

Key words: tuff, tight oil, pore structure, starting pressure gradient, wettability, Santanghu Basin

中图分类号:

TE122

黄志龙, 马剑, 梁世君, 梁浩, 陈旋, 康积伦. 源-储分离型凝灰岩致密油藏形成机理与成藏模式[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(8): 975-985.

Huang Zhilong, Ma Jian, Liang Shijun, Liang Hao, Chen Xuan, Kang Jilun. Formation mechanism and hydrocarbon accumulation model of separated source-reservoir type tight tuff reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(8): 975-985.

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源-储分离型凝灰岩致密油藏形成机理与成藏模式

Formation mechanism and hydrocarbon accumulation model of separated source-reservoir type tight tuff reservoir

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