Structural trend surface conversion method for micro-amplitude paleotopographic restoration of cratonic basins
Wang Jianguo1, Jiang Chuanjie2, Chang Sen2, Du Xiaohua2, He Shunli1, Gu Daihong1
1. MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. No. 5 Gas Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China
A method for estimation of sedimentary micro-amplitude paleotopography based on structural trend surface conversion has been proposed. This method is suitable for estimating marine sedimentary micro-amplitude paleotopography of weak tectonic deformation zone in a cratonic basin. An assumption is given that multiphase uplifting-subsiding or torsional structural movement in the cratonic basin is manifested as structural trend surface variation, which does not change the pseudostructural amplitudes of local paleotopographic highs and peripheral terrain. Technical procedure of this method is as follows:firstly, calculate pseudostructural amplitude using present-day structural map and its trend surface; secondly, calculate dip direction of sedimentary structural trend surface by approximating the average strike of formation denudation line to the strike of sedimentary structural trend surface; thirdly, according to the idea of uniformitaranism, the average gradient of present-day tidal-flat facies serves as the dip angle of sedimentary structural trend surface; lastly, structural trend surface plus pseudostructural amplitude can obtain the sedimentary paleotopographic map. On this basis in conjunction with petrographic characteristics and dolomitization type of cored wells, distribution scope of each subfacies or microfacies in the marine sedimentary system can be better determined. Application of this method in Lower Ordovician carbonate strata of tidal-flat facies in Submember 5 of Member 5 of Majiagou Formation in the eastern Sulige gas field shows that structural trend surface of the study area is changed from NW-SE to NE-SW, which does not change relative height between sedimentary local paleotopography and peripheral terrain, and that this method is able to effectively depict sedimentary micro-amplitude paleotopography of tidal-flat facies. Subaqueous micro-amplitude paleotopographic uplift during sedimentation period are a key factor controlling the distribution of tidal-flat-facies carbonate grain shoals in this area, while the grain shoals are the most favorable microfacies for late dolomitization and development of high-quality reservoirs. Therefore, high-production gas wells can be discovered on the basis of accurate depiction of sedimentary micro-amplitude paleotopography. This method can provide beneficial ideas for the research on sedimentary paleotopography of weak tectonic deformation zones in other cratonic basins.
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