液氮磨料射流破碎高温花岗岩机理

doi:10.7623/syxb202005009

石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 604-614.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202005009

液氮磨料射流破碎高温花岗岩机理

黄中伟¹, 张世昆¹, 李根生¹, 杨睿月¹, 武晓光¹, 张宏源¹, Kamy Sepehrnoori²

1. 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京 102249;
2. 德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校石油工程学院美国德州奥斯汀 78705

收稿日期:2019-03-20 修回日期:2020-01-08 出版日期:2020-05-25 发布日期:2020-06-08
通讯作者: 黄中伟,男,1972年4月生,1994年获石油大学(华东)学士学位,2006年获中国石油大学(华东)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院教授,主要从事油气井流体力学与完井增产技术研究。
作者简介:黄中伟,男,1972年4月生,1994年获石油大学(华东)学士学位,2006年获中国石油大学(华东)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院教授,主要从事油气井流体力学与完井增产技术研究。Email:huangzw@cup.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家杰出青年科学基金项目（No.51725404）和高等学校学科创新引智计划项目（B17045）资助。

Breakage mechanism of high-temperature granite by abrasive liquid nitrogen jet

Huang Zhongwei¹, Zhang Shikun¹, Li Gensheng¹, Yang Ruiyue¹, Wu Xiaoguang¹, Zhang Hongyuan¹, Kamy Sepehrnoori²

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78705, TX, USA

Received:2019-03-20 Revised:2020-01-08 Online:2020-05-25 Published:2020-06-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

液氮磨料射流是一种高效的破碎干热岩方式。为进一步探究其破岩机理，开展液氮磨料射流喷射高温花岗岩室内实验。从宏观角度分析岩石破碎形式、射流孔眼形态及表面特征，从微观角度分析断裂面形貌和微裂缝分布等，探究液氮磨料射流破碎高温岩石特征。同时，开展磨料水射流和氮气磨料射流破岩实验作为对照。实验结果表明，液氮磨料射流形成的孔眼形状不规则，表面凹凸不平，且破碎体积明显大于磨料水射流和氮气磨料射流。扫描电镜实验显示，低温、冲击载荷作用下，在孔眼壁面和孔眼附近区域生成大量微裂缝，其主要断裂方式为拉伸、剪切作用下岩石的脆性断裂，表现为穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂。理论分析和数值模拟研究表明，液氮低温作用对岩石造成损伤，而热应力、磨料冲击载荷和流体水楔作用在损伤岩石基础上主要以剪切和拉伸两种方式破碎岩石。

关键词: 干热岩, 液氮, 磨料射流, 破岩实验, 热流固耦合

Abstract:

Abrasive liquid nitrogen jet is an efficient method for breaking hot dry rock. In order to further explore its rock-breaking mechanism, this study carries out the laboratory experiments of abrasive liquid nitrogen jet spraying on high-temperature granite. The characteristics of high-temperature granite crushed by abrasive liquid nitrogen jet are explored by analyzing the forms of rock fragmentation, the shapes and surface characteristics of jet perforation cavity from a macro perspective, as well as the morphology of the fracture surface and micro-crack distribution from a micro perspective. Meanwhile, rock breaking experiments with abrasive water jet and abrasive nitrogen jet are carried out as control. The experimental results show that the perforation cavities formed by abrasive liquid nitrogen jet are irregular in shape, and its surface is uneven.The crushing volume is significantly larger than that formed by abrasive water jet and abrasive nitrogen jet. SEM experiments show that a large number of micro-cracks are generated in the wall surface of the perforation cavity and the nearby area under low-temperature action and impact loads. The fracturing mode of rocks is dominated by brittle fracture under tensile and shear action, shown as transgranular and intergranular fractures. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation researches show that the low-temperature action of liquid nitrogen causes damage to rocks, while the rocks are further damaged by thermal stress, abrasive impact load, and the effect of fluid water wedge.

Key words: hot dry rock, liquid nitrogen, abrasive jet, rock breaking experiment, thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling

中图分类号:

TE248

黄中伟, 张世昆, 李根生, 杨睿月, 武晓光, 张宏源, Kamy Sepehrnoori. 液氮磨料射流破碎高温花岗岩机理[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(5): 604-614.

Huang Zhongwei, Zhang Shikun, Li Gensheng, Yang Ruiyue, Wu Xiaoguang, Zhang Hongyuan, Kamy Sepehrnoori. Breakage mechanism of high-temperature granite by abrasive liquid nitrogen jet[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(5): 604-614.

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液氮磨料射流破碎高温花岗岩机理

Breakage mechanism of high-temperature granite by abrasive liquid nitrogen jet

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