珠江口盆地深水区伸展陆缘地壳减薄背景下的沉积体系响应过程及油气勘探意义

doi:10.7623/syxb2019S1011

石油学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (s1): 124-138.DOI: 10.7623/syxb2019S1011

珠江口盆地深水区伸展陆缘地壳减薄背景下的沉积体系响应过程及油气勘探意义

柳保军¹, 庞雄¹, 王家豪², 任建业², 刘军¹, 郑金云¹, 向绪洪¹, 蔡国富¹, 吴宇翔¹

1. 中海石油深海开发有限公司广东深圳 518067;
2. 中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2018-07-17 修回日期:2019-01-01 出版日期:2019-07-25 发布日期:2019-07-15
通讯作者: 柳保军,男,1978年11月生,2001年获江汉石油学院学士学位,2004年获中国地质大学(武汉)硕士学位,现为中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司高级工程师,主要从事珠江口盆地石油勘探研究。Email:liubj2@cnooc.com.cn
作者简介:柳保军,男,1978年11月生,2001年获江汉石油学院学士学位,2004年获中国地质大学(武汉)硕士学位,现为中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司高级工程师,主要从事珠江口盆地石油勘探研究。Email:liubj2@cnooc.com.cn
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项（2016ZX05026-003-003）、国家自然科学基金重点项目（No.91128207）和国家高技术研究发展计划（863）项目（2013AA092600）资助。

Sedimentary system response process and hydrocarbon exploration significance of crust thinning zone at extensional continental margin of deep-water area in Pearl River Mouth Basin

Liu Baojun¹, Pang Xiong¹, Wang Jiahao², Ren Jianye², Liu Jun¹, Zheng Jinyun¹, Xiang Xuhong¹, Cai Guofu¹, Wu Yuxiang¹

1. CNOOC Deepwater Development Limited, Guangdong Shenzhen 518067, China;
2. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Hubei Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2018-07-17 Revised:2019-01-01 Online:2019-07-25 Published:2019-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珠江口盆地白云深水区（包括白云凹陷和荔湾凹陷）位于南海北部陆缘地壳薄化带上，地壳厚度从北侧的29 km迅速减薄至17~18 km。地壳岩石圈强烈伸展薄化使得陆缘深水区具有特殊的断裂结构样式与沉降特征，对沉积体系产生重要的控制作用，并导致深水区成藏组合特征的差异性。通过调研全球典型伸展陆缘盆地的伸展破裂过程、断裂结构样式对沉积体系的控制作用，开展了对白云深水区凹陷结构、断裂构造样式、构造沉降史与沉积体系的耦合分析，揭示出珠江口盆地深水区特殊的沉积体系响应特征与发育机制。研究结果显示：地壳内脆韧性变形过程产生的大型低角度拆离断裂活动是裂陷期陆缘岩石圈伸展、薄化、破裂的主要机制，裂陷期地壳的均衡抬升、断裂带上盘块体的旋转和大型低角度主控断裂转换带的发育导致始新世文昌组-恩平组沉积期深水区具有宽深断陷结构与大型三角洲-湖相沉积响应体系；裂解期的缓慢沉降和丰富的单边物源供给导致渐新世珠海组沉积期陆架坡折带的发育，并形成海退型进积层序组合，大型海相陆架边缘三角洲和陆坡深水峡谷/深水扇体系分别发育在白云凹陷及其南部凹陷区；裂后热沉降期，台阶式沉降和充足的北侧单边物源体系控制了陆架坡折带由南往北的迁移，并使得陆架坡折带稳定分布在白云北坡，形成海侵加积型层序组合，陆架边缘三角洲和深水扇体系呈现垂向叠置分布特征。在新生代陆缘地壳拆离薄化背景下，裂陷期宽深断陷结构、裂陷后期台阶式沉降和单边物源体系供给等特征使得陆缘深水区发育裂陷期大型三角洲-湖相沉积体系到裂后期大型陆架坡折带的古珠江陆架边缘三角洲和陆坡深水重力流响应体系，最终导致规模烃源岩集中分布、纵向台阶式储-盖组合和两大陆架坡折带控制大型有利油气聚集带的分布格局。

关键词: 白云深水区, 伸展陆缘, 低角度拆离断裂, 宽深断陷三角洲-湖相沉积体系, 古珠江陆架边缘三角洲-深水扇响应体系

Abstract:

The Baiyun deep water area (including Baiyun depression and Liwan depression) in the Pearl River Mouth Basin is located on the continental margin crust thinning zone in the northern South China Sea. The thickness of the crust is rapidly reduced from 29 km on the north side to 17-18 km. Due to the strong extension and thinning of the crustal lithosphere, the deep water area at the continental margin is characterized with special fracture structure and sedimentation characteristics, which has an important control effect on the sedimentary system and leads to differences in the characteristics of hydrocarbon play in the deep water area. By investigating the extension and rupture process of the global typical extensional continental margin basin and the control of fault structure pattern on sedimentary system, a coupling analysis was conducted between the depression structure, fault structure pattern, tectonic subsidence history and sedimentary system in the Baiyun deep water area, revealing the response characteristics and developmental mechanisms of special sedimentary systems in the deep waters of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The results show that the large-scale low-angle detachment fault activity generated by the brittle-ductile deformation process in the crust is the main mechanism for extension, thinning and rupture of the crustal margin lithosphere during rifting period. The balanced lifting of the crust during rifting period, the rotation of hanging wall blocks on the fault zone and the development of the large low-angle major fracture transition zone led to the deep-water fault zone of Eocene Wenchang Formation-Enping Formation with wide deep faulted depression structure, and the large delta-lake sedimentary response system during sedimentary period. The slow sedimentation during pyrolysis period and the abundant unilateral source supply resulted in the development of the continental shelf slope-break zone during the sedimentary period of Oligocene Zhuhai Formation, thus forming the regressive prograding sequence combination. The large-scale marine shelf margin delta and the continental slope deepwater canyon/deep water fan system were developed in Baiyun depression and its southern sags separately. During the post-crack thermal subsidence period, stepped settlement and sufficient north unilateral provenance system controlled the migration of the shelf slope breaks from south to north. Thus, the shelf slope breaks stably distributed on the north slope of Baiyun, thus forming a transgressive aggradated sequence combination. The continental shelf margin delta and deep water fan systems are vertically stacked. Under the background of the Cenozoic continental marginal crust detachment and thinning, the wide and deep faulted depression structure in the rifting period, the stepped subsidence in the late stage of rifting and the supply of unilateral provenance system resulted in the development of a large delta-lake sedimentary system in the continental margin deep water areas during rifting period, as well as a deep water gravity flow response system in the continental shelf margin delta and continental slope of large continental slope breaks during the late period of rifting. Eventually, a distribution pattern was developed as the concentrated distribution of large-scale source rocks, a longitudinal stepped reservoir-cap assemblage and two continental slope breaks controlling large-scale favorable oil and gas accumulation.

Key words: Baiyun deepwater area, extensional continental margin, low angle detachment faults, wide and deep faulted depression deltaic-lacustrine depositional system, paleo-pearl river marginal delta-deepwater fans responsive depositional system

中图分类号:

TE121.3

柳保军, 庞雄, 王家豪, 任建业, 刘军, 郑金云, 向绪洪, 蔡国富, 吴宇翔. 珠江口盆地深水区伸展陆缘地壳减薄背景下的沉积体系响应过程及油气勘探意义[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(s1): 124-138.

Liu Baojun, Pang Xiong, Wang Jiahao, Ren Jianye, Liu Jun, Zheng Jinyun, Xiang Xuhong, Cai Guofu, Wu Yuxiang. Sedimentary system response process and hydrocarbon exploration significance of crust thinning zone at extensional continental margin of deep-water area in Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(s1): 124-138.

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珠江口盆地深水区伸展陆缘地壳减薄背景下的沉积体系响应过程及油气勘探意义

Sedimentary system response process and hydrocarbon exploration significance of crust thinning zone at extensional continental margin of deep-water area in Pearl River Mouth Basin

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