页岩油微观赋存特征及其主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区延长组7段3亚段陆相页岩为例

doi:10.7623/syxb202204005

石油学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 507-523.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202204005

页岩油微观赋存特征及其主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区延长组7段3亚段陆相页岩为例

党伟^1,2, 张金川³, 聂海宽⁴, 王凤琴^1,2, 唐玄³, 蒋恕⁵, 魏晓亮⁶, 刘秋波⁷, 李沛⁴, 李菲¹, 孙江涛¹

1. 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院陕西西安 710065;
2. 陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室陕西西安 710065;
3. 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院北京 100083;
4. 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
5. 中国地质大学构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室湖北武汉 430074;
6. 中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院山东东营 257022;
7. 中国石油长庆油田公司第十二采油厂甘肃庆阳 745400

收稿日期:2021-08-31 修回日期:2022-01-17 发布日期:2022-04-30
通讯作者: 聂海宽,男,1982年4月生,2010年获中国地质大学(北京)矿产普查与勘探专业博士学位,现为中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院研究员,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探与评价工作。Email:niehk.syky@sinopec.com
作者简介:党伟,男,1990年9月生,2018年获中国地质大学(北京)矿产普查与勘探专业博士学位,现为西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院副教授,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探与评价方面的教学与科研工作。Email:dangw@xsyu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（No.41872124，No.41972132，No.42072174和No.41730421）资助。

Microscopic occurrence characteristics of shale oil and their main controlling factors: a case study of the 3rd submember continental shale of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

Dang Wei^1,2, Zhang Jinchuan³, Nie Haikuan⁴, Wang Fengqin^1,2, Tang Xuan³, Jiang Shu⁵, Wei Xiaoliang⁶, Liu Qiubo⁷, Li Pei⁴, Li Fei¹, Sun Jiangtao¹

1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shaanxi Xi'an 710065, China;
2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Shaanxi Xi'an 710065, China;
3. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
4. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China;
5. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Hubei Wuhan 430074, China;
6. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Shandong Dongying 257000, China;
7. No. 3 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Gansu Qingyang 745400, China

Received:2021-08-31 Revised:2022-01-17 Published:2022-04-30
Contact: 聂海宽,男,1982年4月生,2010年获中国地质大学(北京)矿产普查与勘探专业博士学位,现为中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院研究员,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探与评价工作。Email:niehk.syky@sinopec.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区延长组7段3亚段陆相页岩为研究对象，综合利用轻烃（C₆H₁₄和C₇H₁₆）吸附、N₂和CO₂吸附、岩石热解、有机地球化学、X射线衍射（XRD）等实验手段以及Dent吸附热力学模型与Horvarth-Kawazoe （HK）、Barrett-Joyner-Halenda （BJH）孔隙结构理论解释模型，系统开展了页岩油的微观赋存特征及其主控因素研究，建立了页岩油吸附能力预测的数学模型和赋存状态演化模型。研究结果表明：基于液态烃蒸气等温吸附实验和孔隙结构理论解释模型，可揭示一定范围孔隙中（孔径小于125 nm）页岩油的微观赋存特征。页岩中的吸附油是具有一定厚度的吸附油膜，其平均厚度随孔径增加呈Langmuir型吸附曲线增长。页岩油主要赋存于孔径小于25 nm的介孔中。当孔径小于3 nm时，孔隙内以赋存吸附油为主；当孔径大于3 nm时，孔隙内主要为游离油。页岩中的游离油量与孔缝空间、含油饱和度呈正相关关系。吸附油量与脆性矿物含量、宏孔结构参数无相关性，与总有机碳（TOC）含量、黏土矿物含量、微孔和介孔的比表面积与孔体积、轻烃类型以及压力呈正相关关系，与埋深和成熟度呈先增加后降低的变化关系，且有机质是页岩中吸附油的主控因素。镜质体反射率为0.75%是页岩油赋存状态和可动性转变的成熟度界限，而镜质体反射率为0.85%~0.90%则是页岩"含油性高、可动性好"的最佳成熟度窗口下限。在延安地区，1 000~1 200 m以深是延长组7段3亚段陆相页岩油勘探开发的有利层段。

关键词: 页岩油, 赋存特征, 主控因素, 轻烃吸附, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract: This study selects the sample from the 3rd submember continental shale of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin. Comprehensively using the experimental methods such as light hydrocarbon (C₆H₁₄ and C₇H₁₆) adsorption, N₂ and CO₂ adsorption, rock pyrolysis, organic geochemistry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as Dent adsorption thermodynamic model and Horvarth-Kawazoe (HK) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore interpretation model, this paper investigates the microscopic occurrence characteristics of shale oil and their main controlling factors, and establishes the mathematical model for predicting the adsorption capacity and the evolution model of occurrence state of shale oil. The results show that the microscopic occurrence characteristics of shale oil in pores with a certain range of pore size less than 125 nm are revealed by the isothermal adsorption experiment of liquid hydrocarbon vapor and the pore interpretation model. Adsorbed oil is a multilayer oil film with a certain thickness, and its average thickness increases as a Langmuir adsorption curve with pore size. Shale oil mainly occurs in mesopores with a pore size less than 25 nm. When the pore size is less than 3 nm, adsorbed oil mainly occurs in the pores. When the pore size is greater than 3 nm, free oil is the dominant type. The amount of free oil in shale is positively correlated with pore space and oil saturation. The amount of adsorbed oil is not correlated with brittle mineral content and macropore structure parameters, but is positively correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC) content, clay mineral content, specific surface area and pore volume of micropore and mesopore, light hydrocarbon type and pressure. The amount of adsorbed oil increases first and then decreases with buried depth and maturity. Organic matter is the main controlling factor for adsorbed oil in shale. The vitrinite reflectance of 0.75% indicates the maturity limit at which the occurrence and mobility of shale oil change, while vitrinite reflectance from 0.85% to 0.90% indicates the lower limit of the optimal maturity window for shale with high oil-bearing ability and good mobility. In Yan'an area, the depth from 1 000 m to 1 200 m is a favorable interval for the exploration and development of continental shale oil in 3rd submember of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation.

Key words: shale oil, occurrence characteristics, main controlling factors, light hydrocarbon adsorption, Ordos Basin

中图分类号:

TE122

党伟, 张金川, 聂海宽, 王凤琴, 唐玄, 蒋恕, 魏晓亮, 刘秋波, 李沛, 李菲, 孙江涛. 页岩油微观赋存特征及其主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区延长组7段3亚段陆相页岩为例[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(4): 507-523.

Dang Wei, Zhang Jinchuan, Nie Haikuan, Wang Fengqin, Tang Xuan, Jiang Shu, Wei Xiaoliang, Liu Qiubo, Li Pei, Li Fei, Sun Jiangtao. Microscopic occurrence characteristics of shale oil and their main controlling factors: a case study of the 3rd submember continental shale of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(4): 507-523.

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页岩油微观赋存特征及其主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区延长组7段3亚段陆相页岩为例

Microscopic occurrence characteristics of shale oil and their main controlling factors: a case study of the 3rd submember continental shale of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

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