风化淋滤型火山岩储层岩性-风化-构造三元耦合模式——以准噶尔盆地克百断裂带上盘石炭系为例

doi:10.7623/syxb202605007

石油学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 1045-1063.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202605007

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

风化淋滤型火山岩储层岩性-风化-构造三元耦合模式——以准噶尔盆地克百断裂带上盘石炭系为例

牟家园^1,2, 姚宗全^1,2,3, 郭瑞⁴, 谢宗瑞⁵, 杨远峰^5,6, 王威^1,2, 黄钰^1,2, 陈建^1,2, 汪子棋^1,2, 赵立显^1,2

1. 新疆大学地质与矿业工程学院新疆乌鲁木齐 830047;
2. 新疆中亚造山带大陆动力学与成矿预测自治区重点实验室新疆乌鲁木齐 830047;
3. 新疆和田学院新疆和田 848000;
4. 中国石油新疆油田公司开发事业部新疆克拉玛依 834000;
5. 中国石油新疆油田公司百口泉采油厂新疆克拉玛依 834011;
6. 成都理工大学能源学院(页岩气现代产业学院) 四川成都 610059

收稿日期:2025-06-03 修回日期:2026-04-10 发布日期:2026-06-09
通讯作者: 姚宗全,男,1989年8月生,2018年获中国地质大学(北京)矿产普查与勘探博士学位,现为新疆大学地质与矿业工程学院教授、博士生导师,主要从事石油地质教学与研究。Email:yzq@xju.edu.cn
作者简介:牟家园,男,2001年10月生,2023年获成都银杏酒店管理学院学士学位,现为新疆大学资源与环境专业硕士研究生,主要从事储层表征与建模研究。Email:18384863589@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才项目“吐哈探区深层海相石炭系火山岩成藏机理与高效发现技术”(2023TSYCCX0002)、新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“外围盆地油气田形成条件及资源潜力评价”(2025A01010-1)和新疆大学优秀研究生创新项目“基于ADASYN-KNN-随机森林混合模型的火山岩岩性测井识别——以克百断裂带上盘石炭系为例”(XJDX2025YJS229)资助。

A lithology-weathering-tectonics ternary coupling model for weathered and leached volcanic reservoirs: a case study of the Carboniferous reservoirs in the hanging wall of Kebai fault zone,Junggar Basin

Mou Jiayuan^1,2, Yao Zongquan^1,2,3, Guo Rui⁴, Xie Zongrui⁵, Yang Yuanfeng^5,6, Wang Wei^1,2, Huang Yu^1,2, Chen Jian^1,2, Wang Ziqi^1,2, Zhao Lixian^1,2

1. School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Urumqi 830047, China;
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Geodynamic Processes and Metallogenic Prognosis of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang Urumqi 830047, China;
3. Xinjiang Hotan College, Xinjiang Hotan 848000, China;
4. Development Department, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Karamay 834000, China;
5. Baikouquan Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Karamay 834011, China;
6. College of Energy (College of Modern Shale Gas Industry), Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan Chengdu 610059, China

Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2026-04-10 Published:2026-06-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准噶尔盆地克百断裂带上盘石炭系火山岩构造复杂,且长期受风化淋滤作用改造,使得储层特征复杂、控制因素不明确。基于岩心、岩石薄片、孔渗性、扫描电镜、主量/微量元素以及试油等资料分析,对克百断裂带上盘石炭系火山岩储层的特征和主控因素进行了研究,并提出了风化壳强淋滤控储与内幕后生淋滤储集空间耦合的多元控储模式。研究结果表明:克百断裂带上盘石炭系浅表风化壳储层主要发育凝灰质砂砾岩,储集空间主要为残余粒间孔和溶蚀孔缝;内幕储层以安山岩和凝灰岩为主,其储集空间主要为斑晶溶孔、基质溶孔和裂缝;储层的发育主要受控于岩性、风化淋滤作用和构造活动3个因素,其中,岩性是储层发育的物质基础,风化淋滤作用是改善储层的关键,构造活动是优质储层形成的诱因;高部位强淋滤区长期的剥蚀淋滤作用控制和影响着优质储层的垂向分带;深部内幕储层内裂缝发育,不仅增加了储集空间,同时显著提升了孔隙的连通性;克百断裂带石炭系的火山岩储层表现为"岩性控储、风化优储、构造改储"的三元控储模式。研究成果将勘探预测从单一因素分析提升到多要素耦合定位的新层次,可为研究区及同类储层勘探靶区的精准锁定提供关键的判别准则与预测模型。

关键词: 克百断裂带, 石炭系, 火山岩, 风化淋滤, 溶蚀, 风化残余液

Abstract: Located in the hanging wall of Kebai fault zone of Junggar Basin, the Carboniferous volcanic rocks exhibit complex structural characteristics and have undergone prolonged weathering and leaching, resulting in intricate reservoir properties and unclear controlling factors. Based on analyses of core, thin sections, porosity and permeability, scanning electron microscopy, major and trace elements, and well testing data, this study investigates the geological characteristics and main controlling factors of the Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs in the hanging wall of Kebai fault zone. Moreover, a multi-factor reservoir-controlling model is proposed, which emphasizes the spatial coupling between intense leaching in the weathered crust reservoirs and epigenetic leaching in the interior reservoirs. Results show that the shallow weathered crust reservoirs are primarily composed of tuffaceous sandy conglomerates, where reservoir spaces are dominated by residual intergranular pores and dissolution pores/fractures. In contrast, the interior reservoirs mainly consist of andesite and tuff, with reservoir spaces dominated by phenocryst dissolution pores, matrix dissolution pores, and fractures. Reservoir development is jointly controlled by three factors:(1) lithology, which provides the material foundation; (2) weathering and leaching, which play a key role in reservoir improvement; (3) tectonic activity, which acts as a trigger for high-quality reservoir formation. In high-elevation intense leaching zones, prolonged erosion and leaching processes control the vertical zoning of high-quality reservoirs. In deep interior reservoirs, well-developed fractures not only increase reservoir spaces but also significantly enhance pore connectivity. Accordingly, a spatially coupling ternary reservoir-controlling model of "lithology-controlled, weathering-optimized, and tectonically-modified" reservoirs has been established. This research advances exploration prediction from single-factor analysis to multi-factor coupling, and provides key discriminative criteria and a predictive model for accurately identifying exploration targets in the study area and analogous reservoirs.

Key words: Kebai fault zone, Carboniferous, volcanic rock, weathering leaching, dissolution, weathering residual fluid

中图分类号:

TE122.2

牟家园, 姚宗全, 郭瑞, 谢宗瑞, 杨远峰, 王威, 黄钰, 陈建, 汪子棋, 赵立显. 风化淋滤型火山岩储层岩性-风化-构造三元耦合模式——以准噶尔盆地克百断裂带上盘石炭系为例[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(5): 1045-1063.

Mou Jiayuan, Yao Zongquan, Guo Rui, Xie Zongrui, Yang Yuanfeng, Wang Wei, Huang Yu, Chen Jian, Wang Ziqi, Zhao Lixian. A lithology-weathering-tectonics ternary coupling model for weathered and leached volcanic reservoirs: a case study of the Carboniferous reservoirs in the hanging wall of Kebai fault zone,Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(5): 1045-1063.

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风化淋滤型火山岩储层岩性-风化-构造三元耦合模式——以准噶尔盆地克百断裂带上盘石炭系为例

A lithology-weathering-tectonics ternary coupling model for weathered and leached volcanic reservoirs: a case study of the Carboniferous reservoirs in the hanging wall of Kebai fault zone,Junggar Basin

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