Genetic mechanism and controlling factors of deep marine light oil and condensate oil in Tarim Basin

doi:10.7623/syxb202112003

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1566-1580.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202112003

Previous Articles Next Articles

Genetic mechanism and controlling factors of deep marine light oil and condensate oil in Tarim Basin

Zhang Shuichang, Su Jin, Zhang Bin, Wang Xiaomei, He Kun

PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2021-08-17 Revised:2021-11-14 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2021-12-30

塔里木盆地深层海相轻质油/凝析油的成因机制与控制因素

张水昌, 苏劲, 张斌, 王晓梅, 何坤

中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083

通讯作者: 张水昌,男,1961年11月生,1983年获成都理工大学学士学位,1991年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师、中国石油天然气集团有限公司油气地球化学重点实验室主任,长期从事石油地质与地球化学方面的研究。
作者简介:张水昌,男,1961年11月生,1983年获成都理工大学学士学位,1991年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师、中国石油天然气集团有限公司油气地球化学重点实验室主任,长期从事石油地质与地球化学方面的研究。Email:sczhang@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院先导A智能导钻专项课题"盆地深层烃源岩发育与分布预测"（XDA14010101）和国家重点研发计划项目"超深层及中新元古界油气保持机制与资源潜力"（2017YFC0603101）资助。

Abstract

Abstract: Tarim Basin is an oil-gas bearing craton basin rich in marine condensate oil in China. At present, six sets of large marine condensate reservoirs have been found in Sinian-Triassic formations in north Tarim uplift, middle Tarim uplift and their slope areas. These reservoirs are characterized by orderly accumulation of light oil, high-wax condensate, and dry gas, light oil and volatile oil reservoirs around source rocks. Based on calculation of alkane loss and analysis of the hydrocarbon molecular maturity in condensate oil and the gas isotopic composition, it is proposed that the light oil in the Manshen-Shunbei area of Tabei uplift and the condensate reservoir in the west of Tazhong uplift are the products of source rocks in the high-maturity evolution stage, it is further clarified that gas-washing fractionation is the main genetic mechanism of marine condensate reservoirs in Lungudong-Jilake-Sangtamu area and eastern Tazhong area. The multi-stage hydrocarbon charging caused by differential hydrocarbon generation from multiple sets of source rocks provides the material basis for the accumulation of marine condensate oil reservoirs in Tarim Basin. The alteration of early reservoir by late natural gas results in solution and dissolution of liquid hydrocarbon components and natural gas. The changes of formation temperature and pressure caused by tectonic uplift or fault activity dominate the phase state of oil and gas reservoirs. The multi-stage tectonic activities of superimposed basin, multi-stage hydrocarbon charging from multi-source kitchen and the continuous deep burial of the basin in the late stage jointly control the enrichment and distribution of marine light oil and condensate reservoirs in Tarim Basin. The mechanism of gas-washing fractionation can not only provide a new idea for expanding the field of light oil and condensate oil exploration in the superimposed basin, but also help to predict the physical properties of oil and gas in the deep slope area of the basin and evaluate the exploration potential of deep natural gas.

Key words: condensate reservoir, light oil, gas-washing fractionation, natural gas potential, deep exploration, Tarim Basin

摘要： 塔里木盆地是中国蕴含丰富海相凝析油的克拉通含油气盆地，目前已在塔北隆起、塔中隆起及其斜坡区的震旦系—三叠系发现6个大型海相凝析油气藏，这些油气藏呈现出轻质油、高含蜡凝析油气、干气—轻质油—挥发性油多种类型油气藏围绕烃源岩有序聚集的特点。基于烷烃损失量计算、凝析油中烃类分子成熟度参数和天然气同位素组成的分析，提出塔北隆起满深—顺北地区轻质油和塔中隆起西部地区凝析油气藏是烃源岩在高成熟度演化阶段的产物，明确轮古东—吉拉克—桑塔木地区和塔中东段凝析油气藏是气洗分馏作用的产物。多套烃源岩差异生烃形成多期油气充注是塔里木盆地海相凝析油气藏的物质基础；晚期天然气对早期油藏的改造，导致液态烃组分与天然气发生溶解-解溶作用；构造抬升或断裂活动导致的地层温度和压力条件改变，决定了油气藏的相态。叠合盆地的多期构造活动、多源灶的多阶段供烃以及盆地在晚期的持续深埋作用，共同控制了塔里木盆地海相轻质油和凝析油气藏的富集和分布。气洗分馏作用机制不仅可为叠合盆地拓展轻质油/凝析油勘探领域提供新思路，也有助于预测盆地深层斜坡区油气的物理性质、评价深层天然气的勘探潜力。

关键词: 凝析油气藏, 轻质油, 气洗分馏作用, 天然气潜力, 深层勘探, 塔里木盆地

CLC Number:

TE122.1

Zhang Shuichang, Su Jin, Zhang Bin, Wang Xiaomei, He Kun. Genetic mechanism and controlling factors of deep marine light oil and condensate oil in Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(12): 1566-1580.

张水昌, 苏劲, 张斌, 王晓梅, 何坤. 塔里木盆地深层海相轻质油/凝析油的成因机制与控制因素[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(12): 1566-1580.

References

[1] TISSOT B P, WELTE D H.Petroleum formation and occurrence[M].New York:Springer Verlag, 1978.
[2] THOMPSON K F M.Classification and thermal history of petroleum based on light hydrocarbons[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1983, 43(2):303-316.
[3] THOMPSON K F M.Fractionated aromatic petroleums and the generation of gas-condensates[J].Organic Geochemistry, 1987, 11(6):573-590.
[4] HUNT J M.Petroleum geochemistry and geology[M].Oxford:Freeman, 1979:84-89.
[5] SNOWDON L R, POWELL T G.Immature oil and condensate-modification of hydrocarbon generation model for terrestrial organic matter[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1982, 66(6):775-788.
[6] NISSENBAUM A, GOLDBERG M, AIZENSHTAT Z.Immature condensate from southeastern Mediterranean coastal plain, Israel[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1985, 69(6):946-949.
[7] KHAVARI-KHORASANI G, DOLSON J C, MICHELSEN J K.The factors controlling the abundance and migration of heavy versus light oils, as constrained by data from the Gulf of Suez.Part I:the effect of expelled petroleum composition, PVT properties and petroleum system geometry[J].Organic Geochemistry, 1998, 29(1/3):255-282.
[8] MATYASIK I, STECZKO A, PHILP R P.Biodegradation and migrational fractionation of oils from the Eastern Carpathians, Poland[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2000, 31(12):1509-1523.
[9] NAPITUPULU H, ELLIS L, MITTERER R M.Post-generative alteration effects on petroleum in the onshore Northwest Java Basin, Indonesia[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2000, 31(4):295-315.
[10] VOLK H, HORSFIELD B, MANN U, et al.Variability of petroleum inclusions in vein, fossil and vug cements-a geochemical study in the Barrandian Basin (Lower Palaeozoic, Czech Republic)[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2002, 33(12):1319-1341.
[11] SHARAF L, EL NADY M.Application of light hydrocarbon (C₇₊) and biomarker analyses in characterizing oil from wells in the north and north central Sinai, Egypt[J].Petroleum Science and Technology, 2006, 24(6):607-627.
[12] ZHANG Shuichang, SU Jin, WANG Xiaomei, et al.Geochemistry of Palaeozoic marine petroleum from the Tarim Basin, NW China:Part 3.Thermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbons and gas washing as the major mechanisms for deep gas condensate accumulations[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2011, 42(11):1394-1410.
[13] 施和生, 王清斌, 王军, 等.渤中凹陷深层渤中19-6构造大型凝析气田的发现及勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探, 2019, 24(1):36-45.
SHI Hesheng, WANG Qingbin, WANG Jun, et al.Discovery and exploration significance of large condensate gas fields in BZ19-6 structure in deep Bozhong sag[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(1):36-45.
[14] 金之钧, 王冠平, 刘光祥, 等.中国陆相页岩油研究进展与关键科学问题[J].石油学报, 2021, 42(7):821-835.
JIN Zhijun, WANG Guanping, LIU Guangxiang, et al.Research progress and key scientific issues of continental shale oil in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(7):821-835.
[15] 贾承造.中国石油工业上游发展面临的挑战与未来科技攻关方向[J].石油学报, 2020, 41(12):1445-1464.
JIA Chengzao.Development challenges and future scientific and technological researches in China's petroleum industry upstream[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(12):1445-1464.
[16] 张水昌.运移分馏作用:凝析油和蜡质油形成的一种重要机制[J].科学通报, 2000, 45(6):667-670.
ZHANG Shuichang.The migration fractionation:an important mechanism in the formation of condensate and waxy oil[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2000, 45(14):1341-1344.
[17] 张水昌, 朱光有, 杨海军, 等.塔里木盆地北部奥陶系油气相态及其成因机制分析[J].岩石学报, 2011, 27(8):2447-2460.
ZHANG Shuichang, ZHU Guangyou, YANG Haijun, et al.The phases of Ordovician hydrocarbon and their origin in the Tabei uplift, Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(8):2447-2460.
[18] 孙龙德.塔里木盆地凝析气田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2003:1-5.
SUN Longde.Development of gas condensate field in Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2003:1-5.
[19] 杨海军, 朱光有.塔里木盆地凝析气田的地质特征及其形成机制[J].岩石学报, 2013, 29(9):3233-3250.
YANG Hhaijun, ZHU Guangyou.The condensate gas field geological characteristics and its formation mechanism in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2013, 29(9):3233-3250.
[20] 周兴熙, 李绍基, 陈义才, 等.塔里木盆地凝析气形成[J].石油勘探与开发, 1996, 23(6):7-11.
ZHOU Xingxi, LI Shaoji, CHEN Yicai, et al.Formation of condensate gas pools in Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1996, 23(6):7-11.
[21] 黄第藩, 赵孟军.下古生界海相原油之中蜡的成因分析——干酪根PY-GC分析提供的证据[J].沉积学报, 1996, 14(2):12-20.
HUANG Difan, ZHAO Menjun.The genesis of marine oils with middle wax from Lower Palaeozoic-evidence obtaining from kerogen's PY-GC analysis[J].Acta Sedimentological Sinica, 1996, 14(2):12-20.
[22] 马柯阳.凝析油形成新模式——原油蒸发分馏机制研究[J].地球科学进展, 1995, 10(6):567-571.
MA Keyang.Study on petroleum evaporative fractionation:a new mechanism for the generation of condensate[J].Advance in Earth Sciences, 1995, 10(6):567-571.
[23] MALE F.Using a segregated flow model to forecast production of oil, gas, and water in shale oil plays[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019, 180:48-61.
[24] ULMISHEK G, VIRGINIA R.Petroleum geology and resources of the west Siberian Basin, Russia[M].Reston, Virginia:U.S.Geological Survey, 2003:1-12.
[25] THOMPSON K F M.Aspects of petroleum basin evolution due to gas advection and evaporative fractionation[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2010, 41(4):370-385.
[26] KNUDSEN K, MEISINGSET K K.Evaporative fractionation effects for the oils in the Gullfaks South area[M]//MANNING D.Organic geochemistry advances and applications in energy and the natural environment.Manchester:Manchester University Press, 1991:162-165.
[27] THOMPSON K F M.Gas-condensate migration and oil fractionation in deltaic systems[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology, 1988, 5(3):237-246.
[28] ZHUZE T P, YUSHKEVICH G N, USHAKOVA G S, et al.Use of phase-composition data in the system oil-gas at high pressures for ascertaining the genesis of some pools[J].Petroleum Geology, 1963, 7(4):186-191.
[29] DZOU L I P, HUGHES W B.Geochemistry of oils and condensates, K field, offshore Taiwan:a case study in migration fractionation[J].Organic Geochemistry, 1993, 20(4):437-462.
[30] CURIALE J A, BROMLEY B W.Migration induced compositional changes in oils and condensates of a single field[J].Organic Geochemistry, 1996, 24(12):1097-1113.
[31] 苏爱国, 张水昌, 韩德馨, 等.PVT分馏实验中链状烷烃分子的行为[J].沉积学报, 2004, 22(2):354-358.
SU Aiguo, ZHANG Shuichang, HAN Dexing et al.Behavior of chain alkane molecular components in PVT fractionation experiment[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(2):354-358.
[32] ZHANG S C, HANSON A D, MOLDOWAN J M, et al.Palaeozoic oil-source rock correlations in the Tarim Basin, NW China[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2000, 31(4):273-286.
[33] ZHANG Shuichang, HUANG Haiping.Geochemistry of Palaeozoic marine petroleum from the Tarim Basin, NW China:Part 1.Oil family classification[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2005, 36(8):1204-1214.
[34] LOSH S, CATHLES L, MEULBROEK P.Gas washing of oil along a regional transect offshore Louisiana[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2002, 33(6):655-663.
[35] HUANG Difan, LIU Baoquan, WANG Tingdong, et al.Genetic types of natural gases and their maturity discrimination in the east of Tarim Basin[J].Science in China (Series D), 1996, 39(6):659-669.
[36] CHEN Junhong, FU Jiamo, SHENG Guoying, et al.Diamondoid hydrocarbon ratios:novel maturity indices for highly mature crude oils[J].Organic Geochemistry, 1996, 25(3/4):179-190.
[37] RADKE M, WELTE D H, WILLSCH H.Maturity parameters based on aromatic hydrocarbons:influence of the organic matter type[J].Organic Geochemistry, 1986, 10(1/3):51-63.
[38] DAVIES G R, SMITH L B JR.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:an overview[J].AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(11):1641-1690.
[39] TISSOT B, DURAND J, ESPITALIÉ A, et al.Influence of nature and diagenesis of organic matter in formation of petroleum[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1974, 58(3):499-506.
[40] 傅宁, 米立军, 张功成.珠江口盆地白云凹陷烃源岩及北部油气成因[J].石油学报, 2007, 28(3):32-38.
FU Ning, MI Lijun, ZHANG Gongcheng.Source rocks and origin of oil and gas in the northern Baiyun depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2007, 28(3):32-38.
[41] 黄合庭, 税蕾蕾, 陈金定, 等.琼东南盆地陵水13-2气藏凝析油生物标志物检测及油气源对比[J].长江大学学报:自然科学版, 2019, 16(8):8-12.
HUANG Heting, SHUI Leilei, CHEN Jinding, et al.The detection of biomarkers and their application in hydrocarbon source correlation of condensate oil from Lingshui13-2 gas reservoir in Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Journal of Yangtze University:Natural Science Edition, 2019, 16(8):8-12.
[42] 胡安文, 牛成民, 王德英, 等.渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷渤中19-6构造凝析油气特征与形成机制[J].石油学报, 2020, 41(4):403-411.
HU Anwen, NIU Chengmin, WANG Deying, et al.The characteristics and formation mechanism of condensate oil and gas in Bozhong 19-6 structure, Bozhong sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(4):403-411.
[43] 龙祖烈, 陈聪, 马宁, 等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷油气成因来源与成藏特征[J].中国海上油气, 2020, 32(4):36-45.
LONG Zulie, CHEN Cong, MA Ning, et al.Geneses and accumulation characteristics of hydrocarbons in Baiyun sag, deep water area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2020, 32(4):36-45.
[44] 杨海军, 邓兴梁, 张银涛, 等.塔里木盆地满深1井奥陶系超深断控碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探重大发现及意义[J].中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(3):13-23.
YANG Haijun, DENG Xingliang, ZHANG Yintao, et al.Great discovery and its significance of exploration for Ordovician ultra-deep fault- controlled carbonate reservoirs of Well Manshen 1 in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(3):13-23.
[45] 田军, 杨海军, 朱永峰, 等.塔里木盆地富满油田成藏地质条件及勘探开发关键技术[J].石油学报, 2021, 42(8):971-985.
TIAN Jun, YANG Haijun, ZHU Yongfeng, et al.Geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation and key technologies for exploration and development in Fuman oilfield, Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(8):971-985.

Genetic mechanism and controlling factors of deep marine light oil and condensate oil in Tarim Basin

塔里木盆地深层海相轻质油/凝析油的成因机制与控制因素

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Huang Yahao, Wang Rujun, Wen Zhigang, Zhang Yintao, Cui Shiti, Li Mengqin, Wang Peng, He Taohua. Hydrocarbon accumulation process of the deep to ultra deep reservoirs in Fuman oilfield,Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 947-960.
[2]	Wang Qinghua, Xu Zhenping, Zhang Ronghu, Yang Haijun, Yang Xianzhang. New fields, new types of hydrocarbon explorations and their resource potentials in Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(1): 15-32.
[3]	Guo Qiulin, Huang Shaoying, Lu Yuhong, Wang Jian, Wu Xiaozhi, Chen Ningsheng. Modeling and resource distribution prediction of the Lower Paleozoic petroleum system in platform area of Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(9): 1459-1471.
[4]	Gao Yangdong, Peng Guangrong, Chen Zhaoming, Jiang Dapeng, Ma Ning, Li Xiao, Lü Huaxing, Gao Zhongliang. Breakthrough and significance of deep-water Paleogene exploration in Kaiping sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(7): 1029-1040.
[5]	Chen Lixin, Jia Chengzao, Jiang Zhenxue, Su Zhou, Yang Meichun, Yang Bo, Qiu Chen. Oil enrichment model and main controlling factors of carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang area, Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(6): 948-961.
[6]	Kong Yue, Gao Xiaopeng, Shi Kaibo, Liu Bo, Jiang Weimin, Yu Jinxin, He Qing, Wu Chun. Genesis and reservoir significance of patchy dolostone of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Tabei area [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(4): 598-611.
[7]	Shen Wei, Tang Jun, Xin Yi, Cao Lei, Chen Wendi, Tang Baoyong, He Ze, Qi Gewei. Q uantitative characterization and reservoir evaluation of karst facies belt of buried hill in northern Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(3): 471-484.
[8]	Yun Lu, Deng Shang. Structural styles of deep strike-slip faults in Tarim Basin and the characteristics of their control on reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation: a case study of Shunbei oil and gas field [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(6): 770-787.
[9]	Ma Anlai, Lin Huixi, Yun Lu, Qiu Nansheng, Zhu Xiuxiang, Wu Xian. Detection of ethanodiamondoids in the Ordovician crude oil from Shuntuoguole area in Tarim Basin and its significance [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(6): 788-803.
[10]	Li Bin, Zhang Xin, Guo Qiang, Lü Haitai, Yang Suju, Xu Qinqi, Peng Jun. Basin modeling of Cambrian ultra-deep petroleum system in Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(6): 804-815.
[11]	Huang Yuan, Duan Taizhong, Fan Tailiang, Liu Yanfeng, Shen Luyin, Zhang Wenbiao, Li Meng, Zhang Demin. Depositional evolution history and formation mechanism of Cambrian carbonate platforms in Tahe area: insights from stratigraphic forward modelling [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(5): 617-636.
[12]	Wang Wuchao, Wu Keliu, Chen Zhangxing, Li Zongyu, Chen Shuyang, He Yunfeng, Yuan Jinliang, Liu Huiqing. Non-equilibrium pressure drop method for alleviating retrograde condensate effect on gas condensate well deliverability [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(5): 719-726.
[13]	Wu Xian, Li Dan, Han Jun, Zhu Xiuxiang, Huang Cheng, Cao Zicheng, Chang Jian, Liu Yuchen. Characteristics of present ultra-deep geothermal field in the northern Shuntuoguole low uplift, Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(1): 29-40.
[14]	Bai Ying, Li Jianzhong, Liu Wei, Xu Zhaohui, Xu Wanglin, Li Xin, Abitkazy Taskyn. Characteristics and multiple dolomitization mode of the Lower Cambrian dolomite reservoir, northwestern Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(9): 1174-1191.
[15]	Lin Bo, Zhang Xu, Kuang Anpeng, Yun Lu, Liu Jun, Li Zongjie, Cao Zicheng, Xu Xuechun, Huang Cheng. Structural deformation characteristics of strike-slip faults in Tarim Basin and their hydrocarbon significance: a case study of No.1 fault and No.5 fault in Shunbei area [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(7): 906-923.