Abstract: The shale oil resource is abundant in continental rift basins, showing huge exploration potential. Howerver, the large-scale development of shale oil is hindered by complex geological conditions and pronounced heterogeneity, as well as a range of technical challenges including difficulties in describing sweet spot distribution, establishing suitable development strategies, ensuring safe and efficient drilling, and implementing effective fracturing techniques. A comprehensive technology system developed for Jiyang and Northern Jiangsu rift basins, which were taken as the primary study areas, has been established to overcome these obstacles. This system mainly encompasses the refined description of sweet spots, hydrocarbon development optimization, efficient drilling processes, and high-performance fracturing. Specifically, through three-dimensional, fine-scale characterization of geological and engineering sweet spot controlling factors, optimization of multi-layer 3D well pattern deployment, the iterative upgrades of drilling techniques and supporting equipment, cluster design for staged fracturing as well as research and development of relevant supporting technologies the deployment of efficient fracturing methodologies, achievements have been made in the accurate prediction and targeted control of sweet spots, the execution of safe, high-efficiency drilling operations, and the effective stimulation of reservoirs. Notably, daily shale oil production in Jiyang increased from 30 tons per day in 2021 to over 1 600 tons per day by December 2024, marking a significant milestone in the exploitation of this resource. Based on the thorough summary of fundamental research and practical experience in shale oil development, the future direction for shale oil exploitation is clearly outlined as follows:cultivating an unconventional development mindset, implementing integrated development strategies combined with the refinement and precision of engineering technologies, exploring innovative recovery methods and key enabling technologies, accelerating the digital and intelligent transformation of development techniques, and establishing a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system. These efforts aim to jointly advance the large-scale and economically viable development of shale oil in continental rift basins.

Key words: continental rift basin, shale oil, Jiyang depression, northern Jiangsu Basin, development technology, three-dimensional development, development direction

摘要： 陆相断陷盆地页岩油资源量丰富、开发潜力巨大,但地质条件复杂、非均质性极强,面临甜点空间分布描述难、开发技术政策确定难、安全钻井及提速提效难、高效压裂改造难等现实问题,制约陆相页岩油规模效益开发。以济阳、苏北等陆相断陷盆地页岩油为研究对象,攻关形成了甜点要素精细描述、开发优化、优快钻井和高效压裂等陆相断陷盆地页岩油开发技术体系。通过地质-工程甜点要素三维精细描述、多层楼立体井网部署优化、钻井工艺技术与装备迭代升级、压裂段簇设计与配套工艺研发,实现了甜点精准预测、有效控制、高效钻进与充分改造。断陷盆地页岩油产区开发取得重大突破,产量实现跨越式增长,济阳坳陷页岩油产量由2021年的30 t/d增加到2024年12月的1 600 t/d以上。通过总结页岩油基础研究与开发实践,提出陆相断陷盆地页岩油开发发展方向:强化非常规开发理念、实施整体立体开发、工程工艺技术精细化与精准化、探索提高采收率方法与关键技术、加强开发技术数智化升级、构建全过程页岩油开发监测评价体系,推动陆相断陷盆地页岩油规模效益建产。

关键词: 陆相断陷盆地, 页岩油, 济阳坳陷, 苏北盆地, 开发技术, 立体开发, 发展方向