Abstract: The profound complexity of contemporary global development landscape, combined with increasingly fragmented energy governance has heightened uncertainty regarding the energy transition and sustainable development of the oil and gas sector. Meanwhile, a new wave of technological and industrial transformation is gaining momentum worldwide. Digital empowerment and advances in intelligent technologies are creating new opportunities for the development and transition of the oil and gas industry and its enterprises. Through a systematic review of the current energy transition status and development trends in major economies and international oil companies, this study investigates the sustainable development strategies and implementation pathways for China’s oil and gas industry. The world is currently undergoing its third energy transition, characterized by a shift toward cleaner energy, technological advancements, electrification, and intelligent systems. Policy incentives and technological innovation have emerged as the primary factor driving this transition. However, challenges such as geopolitics, energy security, and the supply of critical mineral resources create a dynamic of "stability amidst change" in the transition of the oil and gas sector. Although China’s major oil and gas companies have made significant progress in renewable energy, energy storage, hydrogen, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), they continue to face the dual pressures of ensuring supply and reducing carbon emissions. In response, this paper advocates a sustainable development strategy for China’s oil and gas industry, focusing on the phased implementation, supply-side reforms, integration of digital and intelligent technologies, transformation of raw material structures, and orderly transition to clean substitutes. The insights gained from this study hold significant theoretical and practical implications for advancing China’s energy transition, reshaping the industrial landscape, and achieving high-quality, sustainable development.

Key words: international oil and gas industry, China’s oil and gas industry, energy transition, characteristics and trends, sustainable development strategy

摘要： 当今世界发展形势错综复杂,全球能源治理碎片化现象严重,油气行业能源转型与可持续发展的不确定性增加。同时,世界范围内的科技革命和产业变革方兴未艾,数字化赋能、智能化发展及其趋势给油气行业和油气企业的发展和转型带来了机遇。通过系统梳理全球主要经济体和国际石油公司的能源转型现状与发展趋势,探讨了中国油气行业可持续发展战略与实现路径。当前世界正进入以清洁化、科技化、电气化和智能化为特征的第3次能源转型期,政策激励与技术创新成为能源转型的主要驱动因素,但地缘政治、能源安全与关键矿产资源供应的挑战使得油气行业的转型呈现出"稳中有变"的特征。中国主要油气企业虽然在可再生能源、储能、氢能和碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)等方面取得了显著进展,但也面临着保障供应与碳减排的双重压力。中国油气行业和油气企业应制定以分阶段实施、供给侧改革、数智化融合、原料结构转型、清洁替代有序化为核心的可持续发展战略。研究认识对于中国油气行业推进能源转型,重塑产业格局,实现高质量可持续发展具有重要的理论与现实意义。

关键词: 国际油气行业, 中国油气行业, 能源转型, 特征与趋势, 可持续发展战略