Abstract: With the increasing global demand for clean energy, the effective development and utilization of high-sulfur natural gas has emerged as a significant challenge in the energy sector. This paper systematically reviews the phase changes and sulfur deposition mechanisms of high-sulfur gas reservoirs under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. It reviews research on sulfur dissolution mechanisms and deposition control since the 1960s, critically assesses the limitations of existing studies, and highlights key advancements in understanding the phase transitions and deposition conditions of sulfur in high-sulfur natural gas. This work further explores the three-phase flow characteristics of high-sulfur gas reservoirs, emphasizing their significance in understanding the behavior of liquid sulfur under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Although progress has been made in sulfur solubility measurements and the prediction of deposition mechanisms, existing methods remain limited under the actual high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in reservoirs. This paper focuses on the importance of accurately determining sulfur deposition conditions and refining the characterization of three-phase flow, as these insights are essential for formulating and implementing future reservoir development strategies. Given these challenges, future research is expected to adopt an interdisciplinary approach, integrating chemical analysis, physical simulation, and engineering applications with experimental and numerical techniques such as X-ray diffraction and computational fluid dynamics. This approach aims to provide more accurate predictions and a deeper understanding of sulfur phase transitions and deposition mechanisms, ultimately optimizing the development and management of high-sulfur gas fields.

Key words: high-sulfur gas reservoirs, experimental research, phase state changes, sulfur deposition, sulfur solubility, mechanisms

摘要： 随着全球对清洁能源需求的不断增长,高含硫天然气的有效开发与利用成为能源领域的一项重要挑战。对高含硫气藏在高温高压条件下的相态变化和硫沉积机理进行了综述,回顾了自20世纪60年代以来关于硫溶解机制和沉积控制的研究,分析了现有研究的局限性,并梳理了高含硫天然气中硫的相态转变与沉积条件的关键进展。进一步深入探讨了高含硫气藏中的三相渗流特征并指出其对理解液态硫在高温高压下的行为具有重要意义。尽管在硫的溶解度测试和沉积机理预测方面已取得一定进展,但现有方法在高温高压实际工况条件下仍受一定限制。准确确定硫沉积条件和研究三相渗流特性具有重要性,其对未来气藏开发策略具有重要指导价值。鉴于上述挑战,未来研究有望采用跨学科方法,如化学分析技术、物理模拟和工程应用,结合X射线衍射和计算流体动力学等实验与数值技术,以更精确地预测和理解硫的相态变化与沉积机理,从而优化高含硫气田的开发与管理。

关键词: 高含硫气藏, 实验研究, 相态变化, 硫沉积, 硫溶解度, 机理