石油学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 695-709.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201005001

• 地质勘探 •    下一篇

中国多旋回叠合盆地立体勘探论

何登发 1  李德生 2  童晓光 3   

  1. 1中国地质大学海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室  北京  100083; 2中国石油勘探开发研究院  北京  100083;3中国国际石油勘探开发公司  北京  100034
  • 收稿日期:2010-03-01 修回日期:2010-06-08 出版日期:2010-09-25 发布日期:2010-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 何登发
  • 作者简介:何登发,男,1967年12月生,1996年获北京石油勘探开发科学研究院博士学位,现为中国地质大学(北京)能源学院教授,博士生导师,长期从事沉积盆地构造分析与油气勘探综合研究工作。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.40739906)和国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2006CB202300)联合资助。

Stereoscopic exploration model for multi-cycle superimposed basins in China

HE Dengfa 1  LI Desheng 2  TONG Xiaoguang 3   

  • Received:2010-03-01 Revised:2010-06-08 Online:2010-09-25 Published:2010-11-30

摘要:

中国大陆长期处于全球动力学体系复合、汇交部位,具有多块体拼合、长期多阶段发展的特点,形成了一系列具有多旋回叠加地质结构的沉积盆地。在这些盆地中,海相、海陆过渡相和陆相烃源岩随热体制演变差异成熟,表现出多期生、排烃特征;海相碳酸盐岩、火山岩、碎屑岩等在成岩、构造改造等机制作用下形成多类型有效储集体,与膏盐岩、膏泥岩、泥岩等形成多套储盖组合;沿不整合面、断裂带等运移的油气在多个层系中多期聚集,受新生代构造运动的影响,油气多晚期成藏或晚期调整成藏;油气在隆起带、凸起带及其斜坡带,断裂带和不整合面相关的圈闭中富集。油气多层系聚集和多类型聚集使油气发现出现多个高峰期。中国的油气勘探不但在上覆陆相地层中发现了一系列大中型油气田,而且在下伏海陆过渡相与海相层系中也发现了苏里格、靖边、塔河、普光、龙岗等多个大油气田,在盆地深层火山岩中也发现了徐深、克拉美丽、牛东等大油气田,油气勘探呈现出立体、整体与综合勘探趋势。“立体勘探”是对叠合盆地的不同含油气领域、不同含油气层系、不同类型油气藏的整体、综合勘探。立体勘探的深度为0~10000m,平面上跳出上覆陆相盆地的边界,探索多成因类型的油气藏。已建立的富有中国特色的滚动勘探开发、复式油气藏与复式油气聚集(区)带理论构成立体勘探的理论雏形,正在发展的多旋回叠合盆地油气地质理论是立体勘探的理论基础,现代地球物理、钻探、测试、采油等先进适用技术是实现立体勘探的桥梁。立体勘探的思维与实践是对成熟探区、岩性—地层、前陆盆地、叠合盆地中下组合、陆上新盆地、近海海域、非常规油气等中国未来7大油气勘探领域开展有效、高效油气勘探的重要保证。

关键词: 叠合盆地, 多旋回, 油气成藏组合, 立体勘探, 勘探领域, 中国

Abstract:

The Chinese mainland is made up of a number of micro-continental blocks and has experienced a long-term and multi-stage development. A series of multi-cycle superimposed sedimentary basins have been developed because it has been located in the concurrent position of global geodynamic systems for a long period of time. In those basins, hydrocarbon source rocks of the marine facies, transitional facies and continental facies become mature differently with the development of thermal systems, being characteristic of multistage generation and expulsion. Marine carbonate rocks, volcanic rocks and clastic rocks developed into effective reservoirs via diagenesis and structural modification, and they, combined with gypsum and salt, gypsiferous mudstones and mudstones, formed many sets of reservoir-cap assemblages. Hydrocarbons migrated along unconformities and fractural zones and accumulated in a number of stratigraphic horizons under multiple stages. Influenced by all the Cenozoic structural tectonic movements, hydrocarbons accumulated in the late period or after the adjustment in the late period. Hydrocarbons are abundant in uplift zones, slope zones, fractural zones or unconformity surface related to traps. Hydrocarbon accumulations in multiple horizons and of various types have led to a number of peak periods for oil and gas discoveries. With hydrocarbon exploration efforts made in the past six decades, a series of large and medium-size oil and gas fields have been found not only in continental formations but also in underlying transitional and marine formations, such as Sulige, Jingbian, Tahe, Puguang and Longgang. Some large oil and gas fields were also discovered in deep-seated volcanic rocks of basins, such as Xushen, Kelameili and Niudong. These prospecting activities have a trend of stereoscopic, comprehensive and integrated explorations. “Stereoscopic exploration” refers to exploring different pay provinces, different stratigraphic layers and different types of hydrocarbon reservoirs in a superimposed basin integratively and comprehensively. The depth of stereoscopic exploration can be 0~10,000 meters and horizontally stereoscopic exploration is beyond the overlying continental basin boundary and extends to hydrocarbons of different genetic types. The established theories, with the Chinese characteristics, on progressive exploration and development, composite hydrocarbon reservoirs and composite accumulation provinces (zones) are initially composed of the rudiment of “stereoscopic exploration” theory. The developing petroleum geology theory on multi-cycle superimposed basins has laid a theoretical foundation for “stereoscopic exploration” while the latest applicable technologies in the fields of modern geophysics, drilling, oil testing and oil production serve as bridges for the application of “stereoscopic exploration.” The thinking and practice of “stereoscopic exploration” offer an important guarantee for future high-efficiency oil and gas explorations in the seven major areas in China, including highly explored areas, lithologic strata, foreland basins, middle-lower assemblages of superimposed basins, new onshore basins, offshore areas, and non-conventional oil and gas resources.

Key words: superimposed basin, multi-cycle, oil and gas plays, stereoscopic exploration, prospecting domain, China