Structural geology correlation of foreland thrust-folded belts between the southern and northern edges of the Tianshan Mountain and some suggestions for hydrocarbon exploration
LI Benliang CHEN Zhuxin LEI Yongliang ZHANG Chaojun
Based on characteristics of regional tectonic settings，basin evolution and depositional infilling and by means of geometrically and chronologically refined structural interpretation of macroscopy seismic profiles, the present paper revealed both the similarities in tectonic evolutional settings, depositional infilling processes and petroleum geology conditions in the southern and northern edges of the Tianshan Mountain since Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and the differences in oil-gas accumulations that were resulted from distinct diversities in the start-up time and patterns of the Cenozoic structural deformation due to impacts brought about by the discrepancies both in mechanics properties of depositional strata and in dimensional positions of the long-distance effect produced by the Indo-Tibet collision. In Cenozoic, the Tianshan Mountain uplifted and extended bilaterally with thrust structures propagating from the orogen into craton basins along decollement layers, therefore, the start-up time of structural deformation became sequentially younger from the orogen to craton basins. Compared with the southern Junggar Basin(the northern edge of the Tianshan Mountain), the Kuqa thrust-folded belt(the southern edge of the Tianshan Mountain) had an earlier time of structural deformation, therefore, structural traps in the Kuqu thrust-folded belt experienced longer and stronger hydrocarbon charging, readily forming large-scale and high-quality gas reservoirs. In the Kuqa Basin, the subsalt strata developed several thrust faults that cut the Mesozoic coal-series source rock and controlled many folds to form structural patterns of subsalt tiers by laterally stepped superposition, and they also acted as pathways for hydrocarbons from the deep Mesozoic source rock to shallow reservoirs, where gypso-salt rocks guaranteed the integrality and sealing-and-capping conditions of subsalt structural traps. Patterns of structural deformation in the southern Junggar Basin were dominated by interlayer decollement faults and wedge structures, of which horizontal decollement faults isolated the upper and lower petroleum systems and prevented deep hydrocarbons from migrating upward, while many small-scale and superposed wedge structures developed within mega-anticlines and destroyed the integrality of structural traps. Therefore, the Yanshan paleo-structures buried at the eastern terminal of the piedmont zone and the second and third rows of the Cenozoic structural belt in the southern Junggar Basin, and Mesozoic Indo-China paleo-structures in the western Qiulitage belt and the Cenozoic Kelasu-Yiqikelike structural belt of the Kuqa Basin were targeted as favorable place for petroleum exploration, the presalt reservoir-caprock assemblages in the Kuqa Basin were regarded as effective structures for hydrocarbon accumulations and the large-scale, complete structural traps in deep Mesozoic strata of the southern Junggar Basin were of potential to make a great breakthrough of hydrocarbon exploration.
李本亮 陈竹新 雷永良 张朝军. 天山南缘与北缘前陆冲断带构造地质特征对比及油气勘探建议[J]. 石油学报, 2011, 32(3): 395-403.
LI Benliang CHEN Zhuxin LEI Yongliang ZHANG Chaojun. Structural geology correlation of foreland thrust-folded belts between the southern and northern edges of the Tianshan Mountain and some suggestions for hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(3): 395-403.
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2011, Vol. 32 
