Distribution and genesis of calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs in Xujiahe Formation, Yuanba area, Northeast Sichuan
Zhang Li1, Wang Wei2, Shu Zhiguo1, Hao Fang3, Zou Huayao4, Yang Shuo4
1. Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield Company, Hubei Wuhan 430223, China;
2. Sinopec Exploration Company, Sichuan Chengdu 610041, China;
3. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China;
4. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Beijing 102249, China
Calcite is one of the most common diagenetic minerals in Xujiahe sandstones. It can accumulate in certain zones and form calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs, resulting in an obvious damage to the sandstone properties. Based on the core observation and thin section identification, this paper analyzes the petrologic characteristics of calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs in Yuanba area, Northeast Sichuan and describes the distribution of tight sandstones. In combination with the whole-rock X-ray diffraction, stable carbon and oxygen isotope, trace elements and other tests, this paper also analyzes the formation and material sources of calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight sandstones, and describes the genetic mechanism of calcite cements and replacements. The calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs are mainly developed in the sandstone of Member 2 and Member 4 of Xujiahe Formation adjacent to the source rock of Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation in the western Yuanba area but rare in sandstones near the source rocks of Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation in the eastern Yuanba area, usually occurring in the middle of thick sand bodies with the thickness of about 1-2 m, high feldspar or dolomite fragment contents but low matrix contents. The main diagenesises of tight reservoirs include compaction as well as the calcite cementation and replacement. The calcite cements and replacements were mainly formed in eodiagenesis stage B, when the formation temperature was between 60℃ and 80℃ and the source rock was at the peak of organic acid generation. Because the source rocks of Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation in the western Yuanba area contain high contents of carbonate minerals, the organic acid-rich fluids discharged from them can carry more Ca2+ and HCO3- ions to the sandstone layers. When the sandstone is rich in alkaline minerals such as feldspar and dolomite fragments, the Ca2+enriched rich organic acid fluid can be effectively buffered, forming a microenvironment favorable for the precipitation of calcite cements and replacements, thus resulting in a large amount of calcite precipitation.
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Zhang Li, Wang Wei, Shu Zhiguo, Hao Fang, Zou Huayao, Yang Shuo. Distribution and genesis of calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs in Xujiahe Formation, Yuanba area, Northeast Sichuan[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(6): 692-705.
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