Abstract: The physico-chemical properties of heavy oils originating from the continental deposits are high viscosity, low sulphur and trace elements content, high non-hydrocarbon and asphaltene content, and low saturated hydrocarbon contents. The gas chromatograms of their saturated fractions exhibit high concentrations of iso-and cyclo-alkanes, and bicyclic sesquiterpane, tricyclic diterpane, rearranged steranes, and gamma-cerane in the terpene and sterane series have a stronger resistance to biodegradation than other biomarker compounds. The formation of heavy oil reservoirs is chiefly controlled by late uplifting of the basin, biodegradation, water-washing, and free oxygen oxidizing. In terms of their genesis, the heavy oil reservoirs can be divided into four types: the weathered-eroded, the marginal oxidized, the secondary migration, and the bottom water thickening. Having a close relationship with normal oil reservoirs, heavy oil reservoirs are mainly distributed longitudinally at the stratigraphically or stracturaliy higher parts, they all buried at a deph less than 2000 meters, and most of them are distributed regionally on the marginal parts of the basin and depression.

摘要： 我国重质稠油具有陆相成因特点,它的物理化学特性是粘度高、含硫低和微量元素含量低;族组成中非烃和沥青质含量高,饱和烃含量低;饱和烃气相气谱特征表现为异构烷烃和环烷烃丰度高,甾萜化合物中二环倍半萜,三环二萜烷、重排甾烷和(亻马)蜡烷等抗生物降解能力强。重质稠油藏的形成主要受盆地后期抬升活动、生物降解、地层水洗和氧化作用等因素控制。按其成因可将重质稠油藏分为风化剥蚀、边缘氧化、次生运移和底水稠变等四种类型。在空间上重质稠油藏有一定分布规律,它与常规油藏有一定共生关系,在纵向上重质稠油藏分布在上部构造层或上覆较年青地层中,埋藏深度在2000m以内,在平面上绝大多数分布在盆地和凹陷边缘。