Abstract: The Junggar, Tarim, and Qaidam Basins are commonly considered to be cratonic blocks surrounded by orogenic belts and have thus been called inter-montane basins. I propose that those basins be compared to the Black Sea and Caspian Basins,and suggest that Junggar was formed during the Carboniferous Period, and Tarim and Qaidam during the Permian Period, as back-arc basins behind volcanic arcs on the southern active margin of Paleozoic Asia. The relatively thin crust and the presence of very large positive magnetic anomalies under the Mesozoic sediments of those basins indicate that their deepest depressions are floored, at least in part,by oceanic rocks. The oldest sediments in those basin are very likely marine shales. After arc-continent collisions during late Paleozoic and Triassic time, the basins became partially enclosed,and the euxinic sediments in those partially restricted basins could well be the source beds of the crude oils found recently in major oil fields of those basins. Junggar, Tarim, and Qaidam became inland basins with continental sedimentation after their communications to open sea were severed by the rising mountain chains. Isostatic basin subsidence permitted the accumulation of thick Mesozoic and Paleogene sediments before tectonic rejuvenation along Neogene faults.

摘要： 准噶尔、塔里木和柴达木通常被认为是造山带周围的克拉通断块,因此,被称为山间盆地.作者主张这些盆地可以与黑海和里海盆地相比较,并提出准噶尔盆地形成在石碳纪,塔里木和柴达木盆地形成在二叠纪,它们是古生代亚洲南部活动边缘火山弧后面的残留盆地.这些盆地中新生代沉积物下覆层存在特大正磁异常表明,在盆地的最深处沉降有大洋岩石.在这些盆地中最老的沉积物很可能是海相页岩.在晚古生代至三叠纪期间的弧-陆碰撞后,盆地部分闭合.这些受到限制的盆地中的静海沉积物是该盆地新近发现的高产油田的很好的生油层.准噶尔、塔里木在它们与张开的海相连之后,在大陆沉积作用下成为一个内陆盆地,尔后,这些盆地被上升的山带分隔开.在构造沿晚第三纪断层重新活动以前,盆地的均衡沉降允许盆地堆积较厚的中生代和早第三纪沉积物.

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 柴达木盆地, 准噶尔盆地, 弧后盆地, 山间盆地, 内陆盆地