Abstract: This paper systematically discusses the mechanical transformation mechanism of polymer materials under different conditions, summarizes the research progresses and applications in the fields such as plugging of drilling fluid, lost circulation prevention and control, wellbore strengthening and fluid loss control, analyzes the problems existing in the application of drilling fluids, and further looks forward to its application prospects in the fields of plugging, lost circulation prevention and control, wellbore strengthening and fluid loss control. As a plugging agent, polymer material can effectively block the tiny pores of reservoir formations through chain entanglement, Van Der Waals force and hydrogen bonds. As a loss prevention material while drilling/lost circulation material, it can be bonded and bridged through mechanical interlocking or chemical bonding to form a high-strength cemented plugging zone. As a wellbore strengthener, it can be adsorbed on the borehole wall and micro-cracks through polymer chain diffusion, chain entanglement, static electricity, and hydrogen bond, so as to maintain the stability of the borehole wall. As a filtrate reducer, it can cooperate with clay and polymer to form a dense high-strength filter cake on the well sidewall and reduce the fluid loss of drilling fluid. The research of polymer materials in the field of drilling fluid will further promote the rapid development of drilling fluid additive technology.

Key words: polymer materials, mechanical transformation mechanism, plugging, lost circulation prevention and control, wellbore strengthening, fluid loss control, application prospects

摘要： 通过系统论述高分子材料在不同条件下的力学状态转变机理，并对其在钻井液封堵、防漏堵漏、固壁和降滤失领域的研究进展和应用进行了梳理，分析了其在钻井液领域应用中存在的问题，进一步展望了其在封堵、防漏堵漏、固壁和降滤失领域的应用前景。高分子材料作为封堵剂，可通过链纠缠、范德华力和氢键等作用，有效封堵地层微小孔隙；作为随钻防漏/堵漏剂，可通过机械互锁或化学键结合等作用黏连架桥，形成高强度胶结封堵层；作为固壁剂，可通过高分子链扩散、纠缠、静电和氢键等作用吸附聚集于井壁和微裂缝，维持井壁稳定；作为降滤失剂，可与黏土、聚合物协同作用，在井壁形成一层致密的高强度滤饼，降低钻井液滤失量。高分子材料在钻井液领域的研究将进一步促进钻井液处理剂技术的飞速发展。

关键词: 高分子材料, 力学状态转变机理, 封堵, 防漏堵漏, 固壁, 降滤失, 应用展望