Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 1191-1205.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202308001

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Reservoir-controlling effects of tectonic dynamics and ultra-deep reservoirs in Tianshan intracontinental thrust belt

Jia Chengzao1, Zhang Ronghu2, Wei Guoqi3, Wang Ke2, Yu Chaofeng2, Zeng Qinglu2, Si Xueqiang2   

  1. 1. China National Petroleum Corporation Limited, Beijing 100724, China;
    2. PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310023, China;
    3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2023-05-22 Revised:2023-06-26 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-09-06

天山陆内冲断带构造动力控储效应与超深层规模储层

贾承造1, 张荣虎2, 魏国齐3, 王珂2, 余朝丰2, 曾庆鲁2, 司学强2   

  1. 1. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 北京 100724;
    2. 中国石油杭州地质研究院 浙江杭州 310023;
    3. 中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083
  • 通讯作者: 张荣虎,男,1976年9月生,2013年获中国石油勘探开发研究院博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事西部盆地陆相沉积储层、成藏与油气地质综合研究工作。Email:zrh_hz@petrochina.com.cn
  • 作者简介:贾承造,男,1948年3月生,1987年获南京大学博士学位,现为中国科学院院士,长期从事构造地质学、石油地质学研究和油气勘探工作。Email:jiacz@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金集成项目(No.U22B6002)、中国石油天然气股份有限公司基础性前瞻性科技重大专项(2023ZZ02)和中国石油天然气股份有限公司"十四五"前瞻性基础性科技重大项目(2021DJ0302)资助。

Abstract: The control of tectonic dynamics on reservoirs is one of the most critical factors for the development of intracontinental thrust belts. In order to clarify the impact of tectonic thrust nappe activity on the diagenetic response characteristics of ultra-deep sandstone reservoirs in intracontinental foreland thrust belt during the Himalayan period, a study was performed on rock responses to tectonic dynamics and the genetic model of large-scale reservoirs based on extensive experimental analysis and multi-scale diagenetic physical modeling. The results show that the thrust nappe tectonic activity of Tianshan thrust belt was strong during the Himalayan period, and gradually weakening from the basin margin to the interior basin. Under the action of tectonic compression, there are three main responses of sandstone. intensification of reservoir matrix densification due to compaction and porosity reduction, intensification of reservoir heterogeneity due to fracturing and permeability increase, and increased effectiveness of fluid-rock interactions due to abnormal pressurization. The modeling of large-scale tectonic nappe and compression effects shows the following characteristics. The rock stress and strain concentration areas of gypsum/salt-bearing strata under tectonic nappe activity are mainly located in the pre-salt imbricated thrust belt, and the rock stress is significantly weakened towards the thrust propagation belt. The rock stress and strain concentration areas of coal-bearing strata under tectonic nappe activity are mainly located in the ultra-thick sandstone of the imbricated belt, and the strain is obviously weakened towards the nappe propagation belt. In particular, the rock stress and strain in the interbeds of coal seam and sand-mudstone are weak, but the fold structure is well developed. Under high temperature and pressure, the dissolution of organic acids along the fracture network is enhanced, and the connectivity of fractures, pores, and throats is significantly enhanced. The ultra-deep strata of Tianshan thrust belt mainly develop large-scale reservoirs with two genetic models. Within the depth of 10 kilometers, the porosity of fracture-pore type reservoirs in strong tectonic compression areas can reach 5% to 8%, and the porosity of pore type reservoirs in weak tectonic compression areas can reach 7% to 12%. The favorable exploration area is 3.76×104km2, which proves that this thrust belt is a favorable field worth paying attention to in recent efficient exploration of ultra-deep reservoirs.

Key words: ultra-deep strata, reservoir mechanism, tectonic dynamics, diagenetic response, Tianshan thrust belt

摘要: 构造动力控制储层性质是陆内冲断带的重要特征,为了明确天山陆内冲断带在喜马拉雅期的构造逆冲推覆作用对超深层砂岩储层的成岩响应特征,开展了基于大量实验分析和多尺度成岩物理模拟的构造动力推覆岩石响应和规模储层成因模式研究。结果表明,天山冲断带在喜马拉雅期的逆冲推覆构造活动强烈,构造活动自盆缘向盆内逐渐减弱,在构造逆冲推覆挤压作用下砂岩主要有3种响应:压实减孔加深储层基质致密性、破裂造缝增渗加剧储层非均质性、异常增压加大流体—岩石作用的有效性。大尺度构造推覆挤压效应的模拟表明:含膏盐地层在构造推覆作用下的岩石应力、应变集中区主要位于盐下冲断叠瓦带,向冲断前展带方向岩石受力明显减弱;含煤地层在构造推覆作用下的岩石应力、应变集中区主要位于叠瓦带的巨厚砂岩中,向推覆前展带应变明显减弱,其中,煤层及砂泥岩互层中的岩石应力、应变较弱,但褶皱构造发育明显;在高温超压条件下,有机酸沿裂缝网络的溶蚀作用增强,裂缝-孔隙-喉道的连通性明显增强。天山冲断带的超深层主要发育2种成因模式的规模储层。在万米埋深以内,强构造挤压区裂缝-孔隙型储层的孔隙度可达5%~8%,弱构造挤压区孔隙型储层的孔隙度可达7%~12%,有利勘探面积达3.76×104km2,是近期超深层效益勘探值得重视的有利领域。

关键词: 超深层, 储层机制, 构造动力, 成岩响应, 天山冲断带

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