石油学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (增刊二): 1-14.DOI: 10.7623/syxb2013S2001

• 地质勘探 •    下一篇

中国海域深水区油气地质

张功成1, 米立军2, 屈红军3, 张厚和1, 谢晓军1, 胡圣标4, 张义娜1   

  1. 1. 中海油研究总院 北京 100027;
    2. 中国海洋石油有限公司勘探部 北京 100010;
    3. 西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室 陕西西安 710069;
    4. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2013-07-16 修回日期:2013-11-08 出版日期:2013-12-25 发布日期:2014-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 张功成,男,1966年1月生,1988年获西北大学学士学位,1994年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国海洋石油总公司专家、中海油研究总院勘探研究院总地质师、教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油地质综合研究与管理工作。Email:zhanggch@cnooc.com.cn
  • 作者简介:张功成,男,1966年1月生,1988年获西北大学学士学位,1994年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国海洋石油总公司专家、中海油研究总院勘探研究院总地质师、教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油地质综合研究与管理工作。Email:zhanggch@cnooc.com.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目“南海深水盆地油气资源形成与分布基础性研究”(2009CB219400);国家重大科技专项“海洋深水区油气勘探关键技术”(2008ZX05025、2011ZX05025);国土资源部全国油气资源战略选区调查与评价项目“南海北部陆坡深水海域油气资源战略调查及评价”(XQ-2004-05)及“南海北部深水区天然气资源战略调查及评价”(XQ-2007-05)资助。

Petroleum geology of deep-water areas in offshore China

ZHANG Gongcheng1, MI Lijun2, QU Hongjun3, ZHANG Houhe1, XIE Xiaojun1, HU Shengbiao4, ZHANG Yina1   

  1. 1. CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100027, China;
    2. Department of Exploration, CNOOC Limited, Beijing 100010, China;
    3. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China;
    4. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2013-07-16 Revised:2013-11-08 Online:2013-12-25 Published:2014-01-15

摘要:

中国海域深水区(水深大于300 m)沉积盆地主要分布在南海海域。南海经历古南海、新南海两大边缘海构造旋回,形成中央洋壳、大陆坡和大陆架。各大陆边缘具有“西、北张;东、南压;南沙漂移”特征。深水区沉积盆地呈环型沿陆坡和南沙地块分布,东部深水区盆地不甚发育。南海西、北部大陆边缘深水区盆地经历了古近纪的裂谷作用和新近纪的拗陷及新构造作用。南沙地块经历了始新世—早渐新世断陷、晚渐新世—早中新世漂移和晚中新世以来的挤压阶段。南海南部大陆边缘渐新世以来长期处于挤压状态。南海东部大陆边缘晚中新世末以来处于挤压造岛阶段,导致南海封闭和俯冲带盆地发育。南海深水区盆地烃源岩发育层系多,包括白垩系、古新统、始新统、渐新统、中新统,其中白垩系—始新统烃源岩主要分布在南沙地块,渐新统—中新统烃源岩分布在大陆坡,呈现中央时代老、周缘时代新的格局。烃源岩类型主要是海陆过渡相煤层、碳质泥岩、暗色泥岩和海相泥岩,主要盆地现今为热盆—超热盆,历史热流值更高,十分有利于沉积有机质向油气转化。南海深水区主要生烃凹陷呈“C”型沿北部大陆边缘—西部大陆边缘—南部大陆边缘和南沙地块分布,发育10多个面积大、基底顶面埋藏深度大、地层厚度大、资源潜力大的凹陷,其中部分凹陷已被证实为富生烃凹陷。南海深水区储集体主要有大型深水扇体系、生物礁、三角洲相砂岩等。深水区盖层优良,多为厚层泥岩。圈闭类型有大型构造圈闭、生物礁、大型地层岩性圈闭。深水区油气大多为晚期生排烃,晚期聚集、近源成藏,普遍具有“下生、中储、上盖”的优越成藏组合。深水区油气勘探策略是尽快优选最有利的生烃凹陷及其最优的区带和目标,尽快发现一批骨干大油气田。

关键词: 深水区, 边缘海构造旋回, 沉积盆地, 生烃凹陷, 储层, 勘探领域, 中国南海

Abstract:

In offshore China, deep-water sedimentary basins (water depth >300 m) are mainly distributed in South China Sea (SCS). SCS has experienced two major tectonic cycles of marginal sea (from Proto-SCS to Neo-SCS) and formed the central oceanic crust, continental slope, and continental shelf. It is characterized by extension in the northern continental margin and western continental margin, compression in the southern continental margin and eastern continental margin, and drifting in Nansha Block. SCS deep-water sedimentary basins are mainly distributed in a ring pattern on continental slope and Nansha Block, rarely in the eastern continental margin. Basins on the western and northern margins have experienced rifting in the Eogene and depression as well as neotectonic movement in the Neogene; Nansha Block has experienced rifting in the Eocene-Early Oligocene, drifting in the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene, and compression since Late Miocene; the southern margin has long been compressed since the Oligocene; and the eastern margin has been compressed since the Late Miocene, resulting in SCS closure and basin development in the subduction zone. In deep-water area (SCS), source rocks are developed in many series of strata, including the Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene strata; those of the Cretaceous-Eogene strata are mainly distributed in Nansha Block, and those of the Oligocene-Miocene strata are on continental slope, showing an old-in-the-center and young-in-the-periphery pattern. The major types of source rocks are marine-terrestrial transitional coal bed, carbonaceous mudstone, dark mudstone, and marine mudstone. The major basins are in a hot-super hot state and were even hotter in history, significantly favoring transformation of sedimentary organic matter to oil and gas. The major hydrocarbon-generating sags are distributed in a "C" pattern along the northern, western, and southern continental margins and Nansha Block. There are more than ten sags developed with large area, deep basement, large formation thickness, and great resource potential, some of which have been proven as rich hydrocarbon-generating sags. Reservoirs mainly include large-scale deep-water fans, reefs, and deltaic sandstones. Seals have good quality and mostly are massive mudstones. Types of traps include large-scale structural trap, reef, and large-scale stratigraphic lithologic trap. Hydrocarbon resources are characterized by late generation and expelling, late accumulation, and near-source accumulation. Excellent accumulation assemblages are commonly developed with lower source, middle reservoir, and upper seal. The exploration strategy for SCS deep-water areas is to identify the most favorable hydrocarbon-generating sags including their best zones and targets, and to discover a series of major oil and gas fields as fast as possible.

Key words: deep water area, tectonic cycle of marginal sea, sedimentary basin, hydrocarbon-generating sag, reservoir, exploration area, South China Sea

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