渝东南—黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩裂缝发育特征与主控因素

doi:10.7623/syxb201607002

石油学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 832-845,877.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201607002

渝东南—黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩裂缝发育特征与主控因素

王濡岳^1,2,3, 丁文龙^1,2,3, 龚大建^4,5, 曾维特⁶, 王兴华^1,2,3, 周学慧^1,2,3, 李昂^1,2,3, 肖子亢^1,2,3

1. 中国地质大学能源学院北京 100083;
2. 中国地质大学海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室北京 100083;
3. 中国地质大学页岩气勘查与评价国土资源部重点实验室北京 100083;
4. 中国国储能源化工集团股份公司北京 100107;
5. 铜仁中能天然气有限公司贵州铜仁 554300;
6. 海南省地质调查院海南海口 570206

收稿日期:2015-12-05 修回日期:2016-05-01 出版日期:2016-07-25 发布日期:2016-07-28
通讯作者: 丁文龙,男,1965年11月生,1986年获江汉石油学院学士学位,2002年获中国地质大学(武汉)博士学位,现为中国地质大学(北京)教授、博士生导师,主要从事石油构造分析与控油作用、非常规油气构造和裂缝及其与含气量关系等方面的研究。Email:dingwenlong2006@126.com
作者简介:王濡岳,男,1990年4月生,2012年获重庆科技学院学士学位,现为中国地质大学(北京)博士研究生,主要从事石油构造分析、页岩气构造和裂缝及其与含气量关系等方面的研究工作。Email:wry1990@vip.qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（No.41372139，No.41072098）、国家重大科技专项（2011ZX05018-001-002，2016ZX05046-003-001）资助。

Development characteristics and major controlling factors of shale fractures in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, southeastern Chongqing-northern Guizhou area

Wang Ruyue^1,2,3, Ding Wenlong^1,2,3, Gong Dajian^4,5, Zeng Weite⁶, Wang Xinghua^1,2,3, Zhou Xuehui^1,2,3, Li Ang^1,2,3, Xiao Zikang^1,2,3

1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Abundance Mechanism of the Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Key Laboratory for Shale Gas Exploitation and Assessment of Ministry of Land and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
4. China Energy Reserve Corporation, Beijing 100107, China;
5. Tongren Sino-Energy Natural Gas Corporation, Guizhou Tongren 554300, China;
6. Hainan Geological Survey, Hainan Haikou 570206, China

Received:2015-12-05 Revised:2016-05-01 Online:2016-07-25 Published:2016-07-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依据渝东南—黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩露头、岩心、薄片和扫描电镜下裂缝系统的观察描述、特征参数和对应样品分析测试数据，深入分析并探讨了牛蹄塘组页岩裂缝的发育特征与主控因素及其对页岩含气性的影响。结果表明：牛蹄塘组页岩中发育不同类型的宏观裂缝和微裂缝，宏观裂缝以构造缝为主，主要为高角度的剪切缝、张剪性裂缝、压扭性裂缝及低角度滑脱缝；微裂缝主要为非构造成因的层间缝、粒间缝和粒内缝。岩心中宏观裂缝大部分被充填，充填物主要为方解石、泥质及黄铁矿。裂缝的发育主要受构造应力及构造部位、有机质含量、矿物成分及含量、岩性与岩石力学性质等多种因素的影响，其中构造因素是裂缝发育最主要的控制因素，脆性矿物与有机质含量对页岩岩石力学性质与裂缝的发育具有重要影响。在良好保存条件下，裂缝的发育对牛蹄塘组页岩含气性与渗透性均具有贡献，而对渗透性的改善是其最主要的贡献。压扭与滑脱性裂缝缝面糜棱状矿物内部孔隙、裂缝发育，有效改善了页岩的孔渗能力。裂缝中方解石、石英等充填物内部发育开启的次级裂缝和溶蚀孔缝亦增加了充填裂缝的有效性。

关键词: 页岩气, 裂缝, 牛蹄塘组, 下寒武统, 渝东南, 黔北

Abstract:

Based on outcrop, coring, thin section and the SEM observation and characteristic parameters of fracture system of black shale in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, the southeastern Chongqing-northern Guizhou area, as well as the corresponding sample analysis test data, the development characteristics, major controlling factors and influences on the shale gas-bearing property of shale fracture in Niutitang Formation were deeply analyzed and discussed. The results indicate that multiple types of macro and micro fractures are developed in the shale of Niutitang Formation, of which the macro fractures are dominated by structural fractures, such as high dip-angle shearing fracture, tension-shearing fracture, compresso-shear fracture and low dip-angle slip fracture. The micro-fractures mainly include interlayer, inter-particle and intra-particle fractures with the non-structural genesis. Most of macro core fractures are filled by calcite, pelite and pyrite. The fracture development is mainly influenced by structural stress, structural position, TOC content, mineral component and content, lithology, rock mechanical properties and other factors, of which structural factor is the most controlling factor of fracture development. Besides, the contents of brittle minerals and organic matters have strong influences on the rock mechanical properties and fracture development of shale. Under the favorable preservation conditions, the development of fracture can make contributions to the gas-bearing property and permeability of shale in Niutitang Formation, mainly in terms of permeability improvement. The development of the pores and fractures in mylonitic minerals on the interface of compresso-shear and slip fracture can improve the porosity and permeability of shale effectively. Secondary fractures and dissolution pore-fractures developed in the calcite and quartz fillings of fractures can also increase the effectiveness of fracture filling.

Key words: shale gas, fracture, Niutitang Formation, Lower Cambrian, southeastern Chongqing, northern Guizhou

中图分类号:

TE122.2

王濡岳, 丁文龙, 龚大建, 曾维特, 王兴华, 周学慧, 李昂, 肖子亢. 渝东南—黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩裂缝发育特征与主控因素[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(7): 832-845,877.

Wang Ruyue, Ding Wenlong, Gong Dajian, Zeng Weite, Wang Xinghua, Zhou Xuehui, Li Ang, Xiao Zikang. Development characteristics and major controlling factors of shale fractures in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, southeastern Chongqing-northern Guizhou area[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(7): 832-845,877.

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渝东南—黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩裂缝发育特征与主控因素

Development characteristics and major controlling factors of shale fractures in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, southeastern Chongqing-northern Guizhou area

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