塔里木盆地震旦纪沉积特征及岩相古地理

doi:10.7623/syxb201611003

石油学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 1343-1360.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201611003

塔里木盆地震旦纪沉积特征及岩相古地理

石开波^1,2, 刘波², 田景春³, 潘文庆⁴

1. 北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京 100871;
2. 北京大学石油与天然气研究中心北京 100871;
3. 成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室四川成都 610059;
4. 中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院新疆库尔勒 841000

收稿日期:2016-06-29 修回日期:2016-10-10 出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2016-12-10
通讯作者: 刘波,男,1965年4月生,1986年获成都地质学院学士学位,1997年获北京大学地质学系博士学位,现为北京大学石油与天然气研究中心研究员、博士生导师,主要从事盆地构造-沉积演化、层序地层学、碳酸盐岩沉积-成岩作用研究。Email:bobliu@pku.edu.cn
作者简介:石开波,男,1988年8月生,2011年获吉林大学资源勘查工程专业学士学位,现为北京大学地球与空间科学学院博士研究生,主要从事盆地构造-沉积演化、碳酸盐岩沉积-成岩作用研究。Email:shikaibo@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国地质调查局项目（No.DD20160175-1-1）和国家自然科学基金项目（No.41272137，No.41572117）资助。

Sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies paleogeography of Sinian in Tarim Basin

Shi Kaibo^1,2, Liu Bo², Tian Jingchun³, Pan Wenqing⁴

1. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2. Institute of Oil and Gas, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan Chengdu 610059, China;
4. Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Korla 841000, China

Received:2016-06-29 Revised:2016-10-10 Online:2016-11-25 Published:2016-12-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

震旦系可能成为塔里木盆地油气勘探潜力层系，对塔里木盆地震旦系分布及岩相古地理特征的准确认识是进一步勘探的基础，也是建立盆地早期构造-沉积演化历史的关键。通过对塔里木盆地周缘震旦系野外露头资料、盆内钻井资料以及地震资料的综合分析，结合前人发表的相关研究成果，对塔里木盆地震旦系分布、构造背景、沉积体系、岩相古地理特征进行探讨。研究表明，塔里木盆地震旦系发育3种类型沉积体系：碎屑岩沉积体系、碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混合沉积体系、碳酸盐岩沉积体系，纵向上具有从碎屑岩沉积-碳酸盐岩沉积的演化特征。3种类型沉积体系与震旦纪3次“海侵-海退”旋回相对应，早震旦世初期（ZSQI期）的海侵形成了下震旦统下段碎屑岩沉积体系，早震旦世晚期（ZSQⅡ期）的海侵形成了下震旦统上段碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混合沉积体系；晚震旦世初期（ZSQⅢ期）的海侵形成了上震旦统碳酸盐岩沉积体系；3次海退过程形成下震旦统中部、顶部及上震旦统顶部3个不整合面。新元古代，伴随着Rodinia超大陆的解体，塔里木盆地进入大陆裂谷演化时期。震旦纪为克拉通内坳陷及被动大陆边缘演化阶段，具有“南隆北坳”的古地理特征。早震旦世，发育巴楚-塔中-塔东南隆起及塔北残余古陆，北部为滨海-陆棚环境，西南部为滨海-陆棚-半深海环境；晚震旦世，塔北古陆消失，北部为潮坪环境，西南地区为被动大陆边缘浅海环境。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 震旦纪, 沉积体系, 沉积模式, 岩相古地理

Abstract:

Sinian layer is about to become the hydrocarbon exploration potential target in Tarim Basin. Accurate understanding of Sinian distribution and lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics in Tarim Basin is not only a basis of further exploration, but also a key to restore the early tectonic-sedimentary evolution history of Tarim Basin. Based on comprehensive analysis of Sinian field outcrop data in the periphery of Tarim Basin, intra-basin drilling data and seismic data in combination with published research achievements, the Sinian distribution, tectonic setting, depositional system and lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics of Tarim Basin were explored in this study. Research shows that there are three types of Sinian depositional system in Tarim Basin, i.e., clastic depositional system, clastics-carbonate mixed depositional system and carbonate depositional system, vertically presenting the clastic sedimentary-carbonate sedimentary evolution characteristics. These three types of depositional system correspond to three times of Sinian transgressive-regressive cycle. The transgression in the initial period of the Early Sinian (ZSQI) led to the formation of clastic depositional system in the lower member of Lower Sinian. The transgression in the late period of the Early Sinian (ZSQⅡ) resulted in the clastic-carbonate mixed depositional system in the upper member of Lower Sinian. The transgression in the initial period of the Late Sinian (ZSQⅢ) led to the Upper Sinian carbonate depositional system. Due to three transgression processes, three unconformities were formed at the middle and top of Lower Sinian as well as the top of Upper Sinian. With the breakup of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia, Tarim Basin entered the continent rifting phase. The Sinian period was the intracratonic depression and passive continental margin evolution stage with the paleo-geographic characteristics of uplift in the south and depression in the north. In the Early Sinian, Bachu-Tazhong-Southeast Tarim Uplift and Tabei residual paleo-land were developed with the littoral-shelf environment in the north and littoral-shelf-bathyal environment in the southwest. In the Late Sinian, the Tabei paleo-land disappeared, where tidal flat environment existed in the north, and passive continental margin neritic environment in the southwest.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Sinian, depositional system, depositional model, lithofacies paleogeography

中图分类号:

TE122

石开波, 刘波, 田景春, 潘文庆. 塔里木盆地震旦纪沉积特征及岩相古地理[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(11): 1343-1360.

Shi Kaibo, Liu Bo, Tian Jingchun, Pan Wenqing. Sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies paleogeography of Sinian in Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(11): 1343-1360.

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塔里木盆地震旦纪沉积特征及岩相古地理

Sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies paleogeography of Sinian in Tarim Basin

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