西非Termit叠合裂谷盆地构造沉积演化及控藏机理

doi:10.7623/syxb201802001

石油学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 129-140.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201802001

• 地质勘探 • 下一篇

西非Termit叠合裂谷盆地构造沉积演化及控藏机理

周立宏¹, 汤戈¹, 苏俊青¹, 孙志华², 史卜庆², 钱茂路¹, 陈长伟¹, 楼达¹

1. 中国石油大港油田公司天津 300280;
2. 中国石油天然气勘探开发公司北京 100034

收稿日期:2017-08-10 修回日期:2017-12-01 出版日期:2018-02-25 发布日期:2018-03-09
通讯作者: 周立宏,男,1968年7月生,1993年获长春地质学院矿床学专业学士学位,2005年获中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博士学位,现为中国石油大港油田公司副总经理、教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油天然气地质综合研究及油气勘探管理工作。Email:zhoulh@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:周立宏,男,1968年7月生,1993年获长春地质学院矿床学专业学士学位,2005年获中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博士学位,现为中国石油大港油田公司副总经理、教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油天然气地质综合研究及油气勘探管理工作。Email:zhoulh@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油海外科技专项（CNPCNP/01/2015-0790，CNPCNP/01/2016-0920）资助。

Tectonic-sedimentary evolution and reservoir controlling mechanism of Termit superimposed rift basin in West Africa

Zhou Lihong¹, Tang Ge¹, Su Junqing¹, Sun Zhihua², Shi Buqing², Qian Maolu¹, Chen Changwei¹, Lou Da¹

1. PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company, Tianjin 300280, China;
2. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation, Beijing 100034, China

Received:2017-08-10 Revised:2017-12-01 Online:2018-02-25 Published:2018-03-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于区域地质背景分析，充分应用钻井与地震资料，开展Termit叠合裂谷盆地构造沉积演化及其控藏机理研究。研究表明：Termit盆地主要经历3大构造沉积演化阶段：1早白垩世裂谷期，以湖泊、三角洲沉积为主；2晚白垩世坳陷期，以浅海、三角洲和远岸水下扇沉积为主，发育主力烃源岩；3古近纪裂谷期，以短轴辫状河三角洲、湖泊沉积为主，发育主力储集岩与区域性盖层。构造沉积演化控制了生、储、盖层，断裂体系及构造圈闭的展布，决定了盆地油气的空间分布：1沉积演化控制了生、储、盖层分布，形成了上、中、下3套成藏组合，控制了油气纵向分布；2构造演化控制了输导体系和构造圈闭分布，形成了多个复杂构造带，控制了油气平面分布；3沉积相带控制储集砂体微观结构及宏观展布规律，控制了油气富集程度。综合地质研究成果，建立叠合裂谷复合油气成藏模式，明确白垩系-古近系下一步勘探领域，有效指导盆地油气勘探。

关键词: 西非, Termit盆地, 叠合裂谷盆地, 构造沉积演化, 控藏机理

Abstract: Based on regional geologic background analysis, and making full use of well drilling and seismic data, a study is conducted on the tectonic-sedimentary evolution and reservoir controlling mechanism of Termit superimposed rift basin. The research shows that Termit Basin mainly experienced three tectonic-sedimentary evolutionary stages. The first stage was the Early Cretaceous rift period dominated by lacustrine and delta sediments; the second stage was the Late Cretaceous depression period dominated by shallow sea, delta and offshore submarine fan sediments, when chief source rocks were developed; the third stage was the Paleogene rift period dominated by short-axis braided river delta and lacustrine sediments, when chief reserving rocks and regional cap rocks were developed. The distribution of source-reservoir-cap, fault system and structural trap is controlled by tectonic-sedimentary evolution. This further determines the spatial distribution of basin hydrocarbons as below. Firstly, the source-reservoir-cap distribution is controlled by sedimentary evolution, thus forming three sets of upper, middle and lower reservoir assemblages and further controlling the longitudinal distribution of hydrocarbons. Secondly, the distribution of migration system and structural trap is controlled by sedimentary evolution, thus forming multiple complex tectonic zones and further controlling the horizontal distribution of hydrocarbons. Thirdly, the sedimentary facies belts determine the micro-structure and macroscopic distribution laws of reserving sands as well as hydrocarbon enrichment degree. According to the comprehensive geological research result, the composite hydrocarbon accumulation model of superimposed rift was established to make clear the next Cretaceous-Paleogene exploration field and effectively guide the oil-gas exploration in the basin.

Key words: West Africa, Termit Basin, superimposed rift basin, tectonic-sedimentary evolution, reservoir controlling mechanism

中图分类号:

TE122.14

周立宏, 汤戈, 苏俊青, 孙志华, 史卜庆, 钱茂路, 陈长伟, 楼达. 西非Termit叠合裂谷盆地构造沉积演化及控藏机理[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(2): 129-140.

Zhou Lihong, Tang Ge, Su Junqing, Sun Zhihua, Shi Buqing, Qian Maolu, Chen Changwei, Lou Da. Tectonic-sedimentary evolution and reservoir controlling mechanism of Termit superimposed rift basin in West Africa[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(2): 129-140.

参考文献

[1] 何登发,贾承造,童晓光,等.叠合盆地概念辨析[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(1):1-7.
HE Dengfa,JIA Chengzao,TONG Xiaoguang,et al.Discussion and analysis of superimposed sedimentary basins[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(1):1-7.
[2] 金之钧.中国典型叠合盆地及其油气成藏研究新进展(之一)——叠合盆地划分与研究方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(5):553-562.
JIN Zhijun.New advancement in research of China's typical superimposed basins and reservoiring (Part I):classification and research methods of superimposed basins[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2005,26(5):553-562.
[3] 何登发,贾承造,周新源,等.多旋回叠合盆地构造控油原理[J].石油学报,2005,26(3):1-9.
HE Dengfa,JIA Chengzao,ZHOU Xinyuan,et al.Control principles of structures and tectonics over hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in multi-stage superimposed basins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(3):1-9.
[4] 王清晨,金之钧.叠合盆地与油气形成富集[J].中国基础科学,2002,4(6):4-7.
WANG Qingchen,JIN Zhijun.Superimposed basin and oil-gas' formation and accumulation[J].China Basic Science,2002,4(6):4-7.
[5] 何登发,赵文智,雷振宇,等.中国叠合型盆地复合含油气系统的基本特征[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):23-37.
HE Dengfa,ZHAO Wenzhi,LEI Zhenyu,et al.Characteristics of composite petroleum systems of superimposed basins in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):23-37.
[6] 汤良杰,金之钧,庞雄奇.多期叠合盆地油气运聚模式[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2000,24(4):67-70.
TANG Liangjie,JIN Zhijun,PANG Xiongqi.Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation models of superimposed basins[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China:Edition of Natural Science,2000,24(4):67-70.
[7] 庞雄奇,金之钧,姜振学,等.叠合盆地油气资源评价问题及其研究意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):9-13.
PANG Xiongqi,JIN Zhijun,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.Evaluation of hydrocarbon resources of superimposed basin and its significance[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):9-13.
[8] 何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.
HE Dengfa,JIA Chengzao,LI Desheng,et al.Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77.
[9] 贾承造.中国叠合盆地形成演化与中下组合油气勘探潜力[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(1):1-4.
JIA Chengzao.Evolution of superimposed basin and exploration potential of its middle and lower oil/gas combinations in China[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,11(1):1-4.
[10] 汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,等.中国西北叠合盆地的主要构造特征[J].地学前缘,2003,10(增刊1):118-124.
TANG Lianjie,JIA Chengzao,JIN Zhijun,et al.The main tectonic characteristics of superimposed basins,Northwest China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(S1):118-124.
[11] 冯乔,柳益群,张小莉,等.叠合盆地的热演化史与油气生成——以吐鲁番-哈密盆地南部构造带为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(3):268-273.
FENG Qiao,LIU Yiqun,ZHANG Xiaoli,et al.Thermal evolution history and hydrocarbon generation in superimposed basin:taking the southern structural zone in Turpan -Hami basin,Xinjiang,as an example[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2004,25(3):268-273.
[12] 何治亮,毛洪斌,周晓芬,等.塔里木多旋回盆地与复式油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(3):207-213.
HE Zhiliang,MAO Hongbin,ZHOU Xiaofen,et al.Complex petroleum system and multicycle basin in Tarim[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2000,21(3):207-213.
[13] 金之钧,王清晨. 中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展——以塔里木盆地为例[J].中国科学D辑地球科学, 2004,34(增刊1):1-12.
JIN Zhijun,WANG Qingchen.Recent developments in study of the typical superimposed basins and petroleum accumulation in China:exemplified by the Tarim Basin[J].Science in China Series D Earth Sciences,2004,34(S1):1-15.
[14] 金之钧.中国典型叠合盆地油气成藏研究新进展(之二)——以塔里木盆地为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(3):281-288.
JIN Zhijun.New progresses in research of China's typical superimposed basins and reservoiring of hydrocarbons (PartⅡ):taking Tarim basin as an example[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2006,27(3):281-288.
[15] 孟庆洋.复杂叠合盆地油气富集模式与分布特征预测——以塔里木盆地台盆区为例[D].北京:中国石油大学,2008.
MENG Qingyang.Hydrocarbon accumulation model and prediction on distribution characteristics of composite superimposed basin:a case study of the transitional plat-formal area of Tarim Basin[D].Beijing:Chinese University of Petroleum,2008.
[16] 汤良杰,黄太柱,金文正,等.叠合盆地差异构造变形与油气聚集[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):13-22.
TANG Liangjie,HUANG Taizhu,JIN Wenzheng,et al.Differential deformation and hydrocarbon accumulation in the superimposed basins[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(4):13-22.
[17] 张光亚,赵文智,王红军,等.塔里木盆地多旋回构造演化与复合含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):653-663.
ZHANG Guangya,ZHAO Wenzhi,WANG Hongjun,et al.Multicycle tectonic evolution and composite petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(5):653-663.
[18] 郑孟林,王毅,金之钧,等.塔里木盆地叠合演化与油气聚集[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):926-934.
ZHENG Menglin,WANG Yi,JIN Zhijun,et al.Superimposition,evolution and petroleum accumulation of Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(6):926-934.
[19] 周兴熙.复合叠合盆地油气成藏特征——以塔里木盆地为例[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):39-47.
ZHOU Xingxi.The petroleum reservoir-forming characteristics of the composite superimposed basin:an example from Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):39-47.
[20] 何登发,李德生,童晓光.中国多旋回叠合盆地立体勘探论[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):695-709.
HE Dengfa,LI Desheng,TONG Xiaoguang.Stereoscopic exploration model for multi-cycle superimposed basins in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):695-709.
[21] 赵文智,胡素云,刘伟,等.论叠合含油气盆地多勘探"黄金带"及其意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):1-12.
ZHAO Wenzhi,HU Suyun,LIU Wei,et al.The multi-staged "golden zones" of hydrocarbon exploration in superimposed petroliferous basins of onshore China and its significance[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(1):1-12.
[22] 赵文智,张光亚,何海清,等.中国海相石油地质与叠合含油气盆地[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
ZHAO Wenzhi,ZHANG Guangya,HE Haiqing,et al.Marine petroleum geology and the composite petroliferous basin of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002.
[23] 吴林,管树巍,杨海军,等.塔里木北部新元古代裂谷盆地古地理格局与油气勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2017,38(4):375-385.
WU Lin,GUAN Shuwei,YANG Haijun,et al.The paleogeographic framework and hydrocarbon exploration potential of Neoproterozoic rift basin in northern Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(4):375-385.
[24] 任荣,管树巍,吴林,等.塔里木新元古代裂谷盆地南北分异及油气勘探启示[J].石油学报,2017,38(3):255-266.
REN Rong,GUAN Shuwei,WU Lin,et al.The north-south differentiation characteristic and its enlightenment on oil-gas exploration of the Neoproterozoic rift basin,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(3):255-266.
[25] 刘邦,潘校华,万仑坤,等.东尼日尔Termit盆地构造演化及古近系油气成藏主控因素[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):394-403.
LIU Bang,PAN Xiaohua,WAN Lunku,et al.Structural evolution and main controlling factors of the Paleogene hydrocarbon accumulation in Termit Basin,eastern Niger[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):394-403.
[26] 薛良清,万仑坤,毛凤军,等.东尼日尔盆地Termit坳陷油气富集规律及Dibeilla-1井发现的意义[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(4):53-60.
XUE Liangqing,WAN Lunkun,MAO Fengjun,et al.Petroleum migration and accumulation in Termit depression of East Niger basin and implications for discovery of Well Dibeilla[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(4):53-60.
[27] 张庆莲,侯贵廷,潘校华,等.Termit盆地构造变形的力学机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2013,37(3):377-383.
ZHANG Qinglian,HOU Guiting,PAN Xiaohua,et al.Mechanics of Termit Basin in central Africa rift systems[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2013,37(3):377-383.
[28] GENIK G J.Regional framework,structural and petroleum aspects of rift basins in Niger,Chad and the Central African Republic (C.A.R.)[J].Tectonophysics,1992,213(1/2):169-185.
[29] 吕明胜,薛良清,苏永地,等.裂谷作用对层序地层充填样式的控制——以西非裂谷系Termit盆地下白垩统为例[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(3):647-656.
LÜ Mingsheng,XUE Liangqing,SU Yongdi,et al.Rifting controls on sequence stratigraphic architecture:a case study in the Lower Cretaceous of Termit Basin,West African Rift System[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2012,42(3):647-656.
[30] 汤戈,孙志华,苏俊青,等.西非Termit盆地白垩系层序地层与沉积体系研究[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(4):81-88.
TANG Ge,SUN Zhihua,SU Junqing,et al.Study of cretaceous sequential stratigraphy and sedimentary system in Termit Basin of West Africa[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(4):81-88.
[31] 付吉林,孙志华,刘康宁.尼日尔Agadem区块古近系层序地层及沉积体系研究[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):58-67.
FU Jilin,SUN Zhihua,LIU Kangning.The study on sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary systems of Paleogene in Agadem Block,Niger[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):58-67.
[32] GENIK G J.Petroleum geology of cretaceous-tertiary rift basins in Niger,chad,and central African republic[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(8):1405-1434.
[33] GUIRAUD R,BOSWORTH W,THIERRY J,et al.Phanerozoic geological evolution of Northern and Central Africa:an overview[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2005,43(1/3):83-143.
[34] 王振升,汤戈,苏俊青,等.西非Termit盆地白垩纪层序充填样式的时空演化规律研究[J].地层学杂志,2016,40(1):100-106.
WANG Zhensheng,TANG Ge,SU Junqing,et al.Spatial-temporal evolution of the cretaceous sedimentary sequences and basin filling patterns in the Termit Basin of West Africa[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2016,40(1):100-106.
[35] 赵贤正,蒲秀刚,王家豪,等.断陷盆地缓坡区控砂控藏机制与勘探发现——以歧口凹陷歧北缓坡带为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(7):729-739.
ZHAO Xianzheng,PU Xiugang,WANG Jiahao,et al.Sand and reservoir controlling mechanism and exploration discovery in the gentle slope of fault basin:a case study of Qibei slope in Qikou sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(7):729-739.
[36] 周立宏,苏俊青,董晓伟,等.尼日尔Termit裂谷型叠合盆地油气成藏特征与主控因素[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2017,44(3):330-339.
ZHOU Lihong,SU Junqing,DONG Xiaowei,et al.Controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in Termit rift superimposed basin,Niger[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(3):330-339.
[37] 贾茹,付晓飞,孟令东,等.断裂及其伴生微构造对不同类型储层的改造机理[J].石油学报,2017,38(3):286-296.
JIA Ru,FU Xiaofei,MENG Lingdong,et al.Transformation mechanism of fault and its associated microstructures for different kinds of reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(3):286-296.
[38] 邓运华,薛永安,于水,等.浅层油气运聚理论与渤海大油田群的发现[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):1-8.
DENG Yunhua,XUE Yong'an,YU Shui,et al.Shallow hydrocarbon migration and accumulation theory and discovery of giant oilfield group in Bohai Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):1-8.
[39] 王振升,汤戈,苏俊青,等.尼日尔Moul凹陷白垩系Yogou组海陆过渡相沉积与成藏条件[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1153-1163.
WANG Zhensheng,TANG Ge,SU Junqing,et al.Marine-continental transitional sedimentation and hydrocarbon accumulation condition of Cretaceous Yogou Formation in Moul sag,Niger[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1153-1163.

西非Termit叠合裂谷盆地构造沉积演化及控藏机理

Tectonic-sedimentary evolution and reservoir controlling mechanism of Termit superimposed rift basin in West Africa

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张功成, 屈红军, 张凤廉, 陈硕, 杨海长, 赵钊, 赵冲. 全球深水油气重大新发现及启示[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(1): 1-34,55.
[2]	刘　邦　潘校华　万仑坤　苏永地　毛凤军　刘计国　吕明胜　王玉华. 东尼日尔Termit盆地构造演化及古近系油气成藏主控因素[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(3): 394-403.
[3]	罗群, 庞雄奇. 海南福山凹陷顺向和反向断裂控藏机理及油气聚集模式[J]. 石油学报, 2008, 29(3): 363-367.