支撑裂缝导流能力的数值模拟

doi:10.7623/syxb201812009

石油学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 1410-1420.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201812009

支撑裂缝导流能力的数值模拟

朱海燕^1,2, 沈佳栋¹, 周汉国^1,3

1. 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室四川成都 610500;
2. 中国科学院力学研究所非线性力学国家重点实验室北京 100190;
3. 中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司油气勘探管理中心山东东营 257000

收稿日期:2017-07-04 修回日期:2018-08-23 出版日期:2018-12-25 发布日期:2018-12-29
通讯作者: 朱海燕,男,1984年4月生,2006年获西南石油大学学士学位,2013年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为西南石油大学副教授,主要从事石油钻采岩石力学及井下机器人钻完井系统研究工作。Email:zhuhaiyan040129@163.com
作者简介:朱海燕,男,1984年4月生,2006年获西南石油大学学士学位,2013年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为西南石油大学副教授,主要从事石油钻采岩石力学及井下机器人钻完井系统研究工作。Email:zhuhaiyan040129@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（No.51604232，No.51874253）和中国博士后科学基金（2017M610117，2018T110142）资助。

Numerical simulation on propped fracture conductivity

Zhu Haiyan^1,2, Shen Jiadong¹, Zhou Hanguo^1,3

1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan Chengdu 610500, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics(LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3. Management Center for Oil and Gas Exploration, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Shandong Dongying 257000, China

Received:2017-07-04 Revised:2018-08-23 Online:2018-12-25 Published:2018-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

裂缝导流能力一般是利用室内实验进行评价，周期长、成本高且仅能测试较短时间的裂缝导流能力。笔者通过离散元颗粒流程序生成了真实尺寸的支撑剂颗粒，再现了微小支撑剂颗粒之间、支撑剂与裂缝面之间的高度非线性接触的物理本质。通过CFD，计算了支撑剂簇空隙流体与支撑剂的流固耦合作用，建立了支撑裂缝的裂缝导流能力的数值模拟模型，开展裂缝闭合应力、储层弹性模量、铺砂浓度和支撑剂组合形式等对裂缝导流能力的影响规律研究，揭示了支撑裂缝导流能力的变化机理。数值模拟结果显示，裂缝导流能力与铺砂浓度和支撑剂颗粒成正比，与闭合应力以及支撑剂嵌入深度成反比。

关键词: 离散元方法, 计算流体力学, 裂缝导流能力, 支撑裂缝, 支撑剂

Abstract:

The fracture conductivity is mainly evaluated by laboratory experiments and characterized by long time period and high cost. In this paper, the real size of proppant particles is obtained using the discrete element method (DEM)to reproduce the physical properties of highly non-linear contacts between minor proppant particles as well as between the proppant and fracture surface. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD)is applied to calculate the fluid-solid coupling effect between the proppant and proppant-cluster interstitial fluid. A numerical simulation model is established for calculating the fracture conductivity of propped fracture. The effects of fracture closing stress, elastic modulus of reservoir formation, sanding concentration and proppant combination on fracture conductivity are studied to reveal the change mechanism of propped fracture conductivity. The numerical simulation results indicate that the fracture conductivity is in proportion to sanding concentration and proppant particles,and is inverse proportion to fracture closing stress and embedded proppant depth.

Key words: discrete element method, computational fluid dynamics, fracture conductivity, propped fracture, proppant

中图分类号:

TE319

朱海燕, 沈佳栋, 周汉国. 支撑裂缝导流能力的数值模拟[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(12): 1410-1420.

Zhu Haiyan, Shen Jiadong, Zhou Hanguo. Numerical simulation on propped fracture conductivity[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(12): 1410-1420.

参考文献

[1] HUBBERT M K,WILLIS D G. Mechanics of hydraulic fracturing[J]. Transactions of Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME,1957,210:153-168.
[2] 朱海燕,邓金根,刘书杰,等.定向射孔水力压裂起裂压力的预测模型[J].石油学报,2013,34(3):556-562.
ZHU Haiyan,DENG Jin'gen,LIU Shujie,et al.A prediction model for the hydraulic fracture initiation pressure in oriented perforation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(3):556-562.
[3] ZHU Haiyan,DENG Jin'gen,JIN Xiaochun,et al.Hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation from wellbore with oriented perforation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(2):585-601.
[4] 刘奎,王宴滨,高德利,等.页岩气水平井压裂对井筒完整性的影响[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):406-414.
LIU Kui,WANG Yanbin,GAO Deli,et al.Effects of hydraulic fracturing on horizontal wellbore for shale gas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(3):406-414.
[5] HAMMOND P S.Settling and slumping in a Newtonian slurry,and implications for proppant placement during hydraulic fracturing of gas wells[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1995,50(20):3247-3260.
[6] WEAVER J D,RICKMAN R D,LUO Hongyu,et al.A study of proppant Formation reactions[R].SPE 121465,2009.
[7] BARREE R D,CONWAY M W.Experimental and numerical modeling of convective proppant transport (includes associated papers 31036 and 31068)[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1995,47(3):216-222.
[8] DAYAN A,STRACENER S M,CLARK P E.Proppant transport in slickwater fracturing of shale gas formations[R].SPE 125068,2009.
[9] 李海涛,卢宇,谢斌,等.水平井多段分簇射孔优化设计[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(3):133-135.
LI Haitao,LU Yu,XIE Bin,et al.Multi-Stage clustering perforation optimization in horizontal well[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(3):133-135.
[10] 管保山,梁利,程芳,等.压裂返排液取水应用技术[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):99-104.
GUAN Baoshan,LIANG Li,CHENG Fang,et al.Application of recycling technology for fracturing flowback fluid[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):99-104.
[11] ZHU Haiyan,SHEN Jiadong,ZHANG Fengshou,et al.DEM-CFD modeling of proppant pillar deformation and stability during the fracturing fluid flowback[J]. Geofluids,2018,2018:3535817.
[12] American Petroleum Institute.Recommended practices for evaluating short term proppant pack conductivity:API RP 61[S].Washington,DC:American Petroleum Institute,1989.
[13] KASSIS S,SONDERGELD C H.Fracture permeability of gas shale:effect of roughness,fracture offset,proppant,and effective stress[R].SPE 131376,2010.
[14] 董光,邓金根,朱海燕,等.煤层水力压裂裂缝导流能力实验评价[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(8):2049-2052.
DONG Guang,DENG Jin'gen,ZHU Haiyan,et al.Experimental evaluation on conductivity of hydraulic fracture in CBM wells[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(8):2049-2052.
[15] AVEN N K,WEAVER J,LOGHRY R,et al.Long-term dynamic flow testing of proppants and effect of coatings[R].SPE 165118,2013.
[16] RAYSONI N,WEAVER J D.Long-term proppant performance[R].SPE 150669,2012.
[17] WEN Qingzhi,ZHANG Shicheng,WANG Lei,et al.The effect of proppant embedment upon the long-term conductivity of fractures[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2007,55(3/4):221-227.
[18] RENKES I,ANSCHUTZ D,SUTTER K,et al.Long term conductivity vs.point specific conductivity[R].SPE 184814,2017.
[19] RAYSON N,WEAVER J.Improved understanding of proppant-formation interactions for sustaining fracture conductivity[R].SPE 160885,2012.
[20] LI Haitao,WANG Ke,XIE Jiang,et al.A new mathematical model to calculate sand-packed fracture conductivity[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,35:567-582.
[21] GAO Yuanping,LV Youchang,WANG Man,et al.New mathematical models for calculating the proppant embedment and fracture conductivity[R].SPE 155954,2012.
[22] ZHANG Junjing,ZHU Ding,HILL A D.A new theoretical method to calculate shale fracture conductivity based on the population balance equation[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2015,134:40-48.
[23] NETO L B,KOTOUSOV A.Residual opening of hydraulic fractures filled with compressible proppant[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,61:223-230.
[24] GUO Jianchuan,LIU Yuxuan.Modeling of proppant embedment:elastic deformation and creep deformation[R].SPE 157449,2012.
[25] DENG Shouchun,LI Haibo,MA Guowei,et al.Simulation of shale-proppant interaction in hydraulic fracturing by the discrete element method[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,70:219-228.
[26] LUO Kun,WU Fan,YANG Shiliang,et al.CFD-DEM study of mixing and dispersion behaviors of solid phase in a bubbling fluidized bed[J].Powder Technology,2015,274:482-493.
[27] AKBARZADEH V,HRYMAK A N.Coupled CFD-DEM of particle-laden flows in a turning flow with a moving wall[J].Computers & Chemical Engineering,2016,86:184-191.
[28] FRIES L,ANTONYUK S,HEINRICH S,et al.DEM-CFD modeling of a fluidized bed spray granulator[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2011,66(11):2340-2355.
[29] ZHOU Hao,YANG Yu,WANG Lingli.Numerical investigation of gas-particle flow in the primary air pipe of a low NOx swirl burner-The DEM-CFD method[J].Particuology,2015,19:133-140.
[30] ZENG Junsheng,LI Heng,ZHANG Dongxiao.Numerical simulation of proppant transport in hydraulic fracture with the upscaling CFD-DEM method[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,33:264-277.
[31] SUN Rui,XIAO Heng.SediFoam:A general-purpose,open-source CFD-DEM solver for particle-laden flow with emphasis on sediment transport[J].Computers & Geosciences,2016,89:207-219.
[32] ZHAO Jidong,SHAN Tong.Coupled CFD-DEM simulation of fluid-particle interaction in geomechanics[J].Powder Technology,2013,239:248-258.
[33] ZHANG Fengshou,ZHU Haiyan,ZHOU Hanguo,et al.Discrete-element-method/computational-fluid-dynamics coupling simulation of proppant embedment and fracture conductivity after hydraulic fracturing[J].SPE Journal,2017,22(2):632-644.
[34] CUNDALL P A.A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in blocky rock systems[C]//Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society for Rock Mechanics.France:Society for Rock Mechanics,1971.
[35] CUNDALL P A,STRACK O D L.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J].Géotechnique,1979,29(1):47-65.
[36] WEN C,YU Y.Mechanics of fluidization[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,Symposium Series,1966,62(1):100-111.
[37] FURTNEY J,ZHANG F,HAN Y.Review of methods and applications for incorporating fluid flow in the discrete element method[M]//ZHU P,DETOURNAY C,HART R,NELSON M.Continuum and distinct element numerical modeling in geomechanics.Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group,2013.
[38] BEAR J.Dynamics of fluids in porous media[M].New York:American Elsevier Publishing,1972.
[39] SHIMIZU Y.Fluid coupling in PFC2D and PFC3D[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International PFC Symposium in Numerical Modeling in Micromechanics.Kyoto,Japan:sn,2004.
[40] LISJAK A,GRASSELLI G.A review of discrete modeling techniques for fracturing processes in discontinuous rock masses[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2014,6(4):301-314.
[41] O'SULLIVAN C,BRAY J D.Selecting a suitable time step for discrete element simulations that use the central difference time integration scheme[J].Engineering Computations,2004,21(2/4):278-303.
[42] MCDANIEL R R,HOLMES D V,BORGES J,et al.Determining propped fracture width from a new tracer technology[R].SPE 119545,2009.
[43] MA Yifei,HUANG Haiying.DEM analysis of failure mechanisms in the intact Brazilian test[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2018,102:109-119.
[44] 徐壮,石万忠,翟刚毅,等.涪陵地区页岩总孔隙度测井预测[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):533-543.
XU Zhuang,SHI Wanzhong,ZHAI Gangyi,et al.Well logging prediction for total porosity of shale in Fuling area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(5):533-543.
[45] 舒逸,陆永潮,刘占红,等.海相页岩中斑脱岩发育特征及对页岩储层品质的影响——以涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(12):1371-1380.
SHU Yi,LU Yongchao,LIU Zhanhong,et al.Development characteristics of bentonite in marine shale and its effect on shale reservoir quality:a case study of Wufeng Formation to Member 1 of Longmaxi Formation,Fuling area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(12):1371-1380.

支撑裂缝导流能力的数值模拟

Numerical simulation on propped fracture conductivity

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 7

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	王飞, 周彤, 许佳鑫, 管晶晶, 索杰林, 张士诚, 廖凯, 邹雨时. 考虑支撑剂运移的压裂停泵压降模型[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(4): 647-656.
[2]	徐加祥, 丁云宏, 杨立峰, 刘哲, 高睿, 王臻. 压裂支撑剂在迂曲微裂缝中输送与分布规律[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(8): 965-974.
[3]	王香增, 冯东, 李相方, 严云奎, 郭向东, 乔向阳, 薛波, 马骋, 王泉波, 雷开宇, 张涛, 姚天福, 赵文. 考虑时变效应的致密气井产能评价——以延安气田为例[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(11): 1358-1367.
[4]	侯磊, 孙宝江, 蒋廷学, Geng Xueyu, 王志远, 李庆超. 支撑剂在超临界二氧化碳中的跟随性计算[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(8): 1061-1068.
[5]	曲海李根生黄中伟李宪文赵文卜向前王晓东. 水力喷射分段压裂密封机理[J]. 石油学报, 2011, 32(3): 514-517.
[6]	张学文, 方宏长, 裘怿楠, 章长钐. 低渗透率油藏压裂水平井产能影响因素[J]. 石油学报, 1999, 20(4): 51-55.
[7]	衣同春. 考虑地层污染时水平裂缝压裂产率比的计算[J]. 石油学报, 1988, 9(2): 77-83.