珠江口盆地南部热演化事件与高地温梯度的成岩响应及其对油气勘探的启示

doi:10.7623/syxb2019S1008

石油学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (s1): 90-104.DOI: 10.7623/syxb2019S1008

珠江口盆地南部热演化事件与高地温梯度的成岩响应及其对油气勘探的启示

罗静兰¹, 何敏², 庞雄², 李弛¹, 柳保军², 雷川¹, 马永坤², 庞江¹

1. 西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室陕西西安 710069;
2. 中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司广东深圳 518067

收稿日期:2018-07-09 修回日期:2018-12-25 出版日期:2019-07-25 发布日期:2019-07-15
通讯作者: 罗静兰,女,1957年11月生,1982年获西北大学岩石学与矿物学专业学士学位,1986年获西北大学矿床学专业硕士学位,现为西北大学教授,主要从事储层沉积学、火山岩油气藏岩性与岩相学、储层特征及成岩作用研究。Email:jlluo@nwu.edu.cn
作者简介:罗静兰,女,1957年11月生,1982年获西北大学岩石学与矿物学专业学士学位,1986年获西北大学矿床学专业硕士学位,现为西北大学教授,主要从事储层沉积学、火山岩油气藏岩性与岩相学、储层特征及成岩作用研究。Email:jlluo@nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项（2016ZX5026-003-005）和国家自然科学基金项目（No.41572128）资助。

Diagenetic response on thermal evolution events and high geothermal gradients in the southern Pear River Mouth Basin and its enlightenment to hydrocarbon exploration

Luo Jinglan¹, He Min², Pang Xiong², Li Chi¹, Liu Baojun², Lei Chuan¹, Ma Yongkun², Pang Jiang¹

1. Northwest University;State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Xi'an 710069, China;
2. Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC China Limited, Guangdong Shenzhen 518067, China

Received:2018-07-09 Revised:2018-12-25 Online:2019-07-25 Published:2019-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

32.0~16.0 Ma、特别是23.8 Ma以来的构造运动导致南海扩张、岩石圈拉伸减薄，地幔物质和深部热液流体异常活跃，热流背景明显增高，这不仅制约着珠江口盆地南部的沉积环境与沉积作用，同时也对深层砂岩储层的成岩演化过程有着深远的影响。基于显微薄片、镜质组反射率、黏土矿物X射线衍射、流体包裹体、扫描电镜和同位素地球化学等分析手段，结合地温梯度、区域构造背景、储层物性以及CO₂气藏成因等研究成果，揭示了珠江口盆地南部白云凹陷受热演化事件和高地温梯度背景影响的岩石学证据和地质记录，分析了热演化事件和高地温梯度的成岩响应及其对储层成岩演化过程的影响，对比了高、低地温梯度区古近系砂岩储层的成岩作用特征和成岩-孔隙演化过程的差异。高地温梯度区储层的成岩作用与成岩-孔隙演化具有一定的特殊性，深部热流体参与了储层的成岩演化过程，表现出异常热成岩演化，热压实作用总体较强，储层的孔渗性降低明显。高地温梯度区或异常热流区的烃源岩在埋藏较浅处即可达到排烃门限，储层在浅埋藏条件下即可达到较深的成岩作用阶段，易溶矿物更易发生溶蚀而形成次生孔隙发育带。因此，对于热流背景差异明显的地区，应根据热流背景、热演化事件和热异常的不同开展储层分析，以便更准确地预测有利的储集地带和油气聚集区，规避勘探风险。

关键词: 构造热演化事件, 高地温梯度, 成岩响应, 深水区砂岩储层, 古近系, 珠江口盆地

Abstract:

The tectonic movements, occurred during 32.0-16.0 Ma, especially since 23.8 Ma, led to the expansion of the South China Sea, stretching and thinning of lithosphere, abnormal activity of mantle materials and deep thermal fluids, and obvious enhancement of thermal fluids. It not only restricted the sedimentary environment and sedimentation in the southern Pearl River Mouth Basin, but also had a significant impact on the diagenetic evolution process of deep sandstone reservoirs. Based on analyses of thin section, vitrinite reflectance, clay mineral X-ray diffraction, fluid inclusion, scanning electron microscopy and isotope geochemistry, in combination with data of geothermal gradients, regional tectonic settings, reservoir properties and the genesis of CO₂ gas reservoirs, this study reveals the petrological evidence and geological records influenced by the thermal evolution events and high geothermal gradients in Baiyun sag of the southern Pearl River Mouth Basin. The diagenetic responses of thermal evolution events and high geothermal gradients have been analyzed as well as their influences on the reservoir diagenetic evolution process. Meanwhile, a comparison has been made on the differences in the diagenetic characteristics and diagenetic-pore evolution process of the Paleogene sandstone reservoirs in the high and low geothermal gradients. The high geothermal gradient reservoirs underwent special diagenesis and diagenetic-pore evolution. The deep thermal fluids participated in the diagenetic evolution process of reservoirs, showing anomalous thermal diagenetic evolution, generally strong thermal compaction, and significant reduction in reservoir porosity. The source rocks in the high geothermal gradient zone or abnormal heat flow zone could reach the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold at a shallow depth, the reservoir could reach a deep diagenesis stage under shallow burial conditions, and the soluble minerals were more likely to be dissolved to form the secondary pore development zone. Therefore, for the areas with obvious differences in heat flow background, reservoir analysis should be carried out based on the different heat flow background, thermal evolution events and thermal anomalies, so as to more accurately predict favorable reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation areas as well as avoid exploration risks.

Key words: tectonic thermal evolution event, high geothermal gradient, diagenetic response, deepwater sandstone reservoir, Paleogene, Pear River Mouth Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.1

罗静兰, 何敏, 庞雄, 李弛, 柳保军, 雷川, 马永坤, 庞江. 珠江口盆地南部热演化事件与高地温梯度的成岩响应及其对油气勘探的启示[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(s1): 90-104.

Luo Jinglan, He Min, Pang Xiong, Li Chi, Liu Baojun, Lei Chuan, Ma Yongkun, Pang Jiang. Diagenetic response on thermal evolution events and high geothermal gradients in the southern Pear River Mouth Basin and its enlightenment to hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(s1): 90-104.

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珠江口盆地南部热演化事件与高地温梯度的成岩响应及其对油气勘探的启示

Diagenetic response on thermal evolution events and high geothermal gradients in the southern Pear River Mouth Basin and its enlightenment to hydrocarbon exploration

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