酒西盆地下白垩统赤金堡组烃源岩孢粉相特征及其石油地质意义

doi:10.7623/syxb202011007

石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1376-1387,1395.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202011007

酒西盆地下白垩统赤金堡组烃源岩孢粉相特征及其石油地质意义

马博^1,2,3,4, 吉利明^1,2,3,4, 张明震^1,2, 金培红^1,2, 苑伯超⁵, 龙礼文⁶

1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室甘肃兰州 730000;
3. 现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所) 江苏南京 210008;
4. 中国科学院大学北京 100049;
5. 中国石油玉门油田公司勘探开发研究院甘肃酒泉 735019;
6. 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2020-02-04 修回日期:2020-09-24 出版日期:2020-11-25 发布日期:2020-12-11
通讯作者: 吉利明,男,1963年1月生,1984年获武汉地质学院学士学位,2005年获中国地质大学(武汉)博士学位,现为中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院研究员,主要从事油气地球化学与微体古生物学研究工作。Email:jilimin@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:马博,男,1995年10月生,2017年获兰州大学地质学专业学士学位,现为中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业博士研究生,主要从事油气地质与地球化学研究。Email:641477048@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（No.41672137）、现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室（中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所）基金（No.183111）和甘肃省重点实验室专项（1309RTSA041）资助。

Palynofacies characteristics of source rocks of Lower Cretaceous Chijinbao Formation in Jiuxi Basin and their petroleum geological significance

Ma Bo^1,2,3,4, Ji Liming^1,2,3,4, Zhang Mingzhen^1,2, Jin Peihong^1,2, Yuan Bochao⁵, Long Liwen⁶

1. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gansu Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Gansu Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Lanzhou 730000, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, CAS), Jiangsu Nanjing 210008, China;
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10004
9. China;
5. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Yumen Oilfield Company, Gansu Jiuquan 735019, China;
6. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Gansu Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2020-02-04 Revised:2020-09-24 Online:2020-11-25 Published:2020-12-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

酒西盆地是中国最早开发的陆相含油气盆地之一，下白垩统是盆地主要的烃源岩。通过对旱峡地区下白垩统赤金堡组烃源岩孢粉相进行系统研究，首次识别出木质-丝炭组合（孢粉相A）、无定形组合（孢粉相B）和无定形-木质组合（孢粉相C）3个孢粉相，分别发育在赤金堡组的下部、中部与顶部、上部。孢粉相A以丰富的木质组织和较多的丝炭为特征，孢粉相B以无定形为主要组分，含较多孢粉体和木质组织，孢粉相C以木质和无定形为主。有机质母质来源自下而上表现出从以陆源高等植物输入为主到低等水生生物为主，再到显示混源特征，最终又变为以低等水生生物为主的演化特征。赤金堡组中部及顶部孢粉相B段烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ₁型为主，具有较好的生油潜力；而下部和上部孢粉相A段和孢粉相C段烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主，生油能力差。孢粉相分析揭示赤金堡组沉积期湖盆经历了断陷形成、强烈扩张、充填收缩和再次凹陷4个演化阶段，沉积环境依次为近源冲积扇—滨浅湖相、半深湖相—深湖相、扇三角洲相和局部半深湖相—深湖相。其中，沉积中期强烈凹陷阶段和末期断陷复活阶段的深水缺氧环境中发育了较好的烃源岩。

关键词: 酒西盆地, 赤金堡组, 烃源岩, 孢粉相, 母质来源, 沉积环境

Abstract:

The Jiuxi Basin is one of the earliest developed continental petroliferous basins in China, dominated by Lower Cretaceous source rocks. Through the systematic research on the palynofacies of source rocks of Lower Cretaceous Chijinbao Formation in Hanxia area, three types of palynofacies were initially identified in this study, i.e., the woody tissue-fusain assemblage (palynofacies A), amorphous assemblage (palynofacies B)and amorphous-wood tissue assemblage (palynofacies C), developed in the lower, middle and top parts of the Chijinbao Formation, respectively. Palynofacies A is characterized by abundant woody tissue and high content of fusain. Palynofacies B is mainly composed of amorphous material, containing much sporinite and woody tissue. Palynofacies C mainly contains woody tissue and amorphous material. From bottom to top, the source of parent material for organic matter shows the evolution from the dominant terrestrial higher plant input to the dominant lower hydrobiont, and then the mixed source characteristics; finally, it is dominant by the lower hydrobiont again. The organic matter of source rocks of the palynofacies B section in the middle and top parts of Chijinbao Formation is dominated by type Ⅱ₁, indicating good oil-generating potential; while that of the palynofacies A section and palynofacies C section in the lower and upper parts is dominated by type Ⅲ, showing poor oil-generating ability. The palynofacies analysis reveals that the lake basin underwent four evolutionary stages during the depositional stage of Chijinbao Formation:formation of fault depression, strong expansion, filling and contraction, and re-sagging. The depositional environment was shown as near-source alluvial fan facies-shore shallow lake facies, semi-deep lake facies-deep lake facies, fan delta facies and local semi-deep lake facies-deep lake facies successively. Among them, good source rocks developed in the deep water anoxic environment during the strong subsidence stage and the resurrection stage of fault depression respectively in the middle and final sedimentary stage.

Key words: Jiuxi Basin, Chijinbao Formation, source rock, palynofacies, organic matter source, sedimentary environment

中图分类号:

TE122.1

马博, 吉利明, 张明震, 金培红, 苑伯超, 龙礼文. 酒西盆地下白垩统赤金堡组烃源岩孢粉相特征及其石油地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(11): 1376-1387,1395.

Ma Bo, Ji Liming, Zhang Mingzhen, Jin Peihong, Yuan Bochao, Long Liwen. Palynofacies characteristics of source rocks of Lower Cretaceous Chijinbao Formation in Jiuxi Basin and their petroleum geological significance[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(11): 1376-1387,1395.

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酒西盆地下白垩统赤金堡组烃源岩孢粉相特征及其石油地质意义

Palynofacies characteristics of source rocks of Lower Cretaceous Chijinbao Formation in Jiuxi Basin and their petroleum geological significance

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