CO2驱油过程中孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响

doi:10.7623/syxb202105009

石油学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 654-668,685.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202105009

CO₂驱油过程中孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响

王千¹, 杨胜来¹, 拜杰², 赵卫³, 李佳峻¹, 陈浩¹

1. 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院北京 102249;
2. 中国石油长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院陕西西安 710021;
3. 中国石油技术开发有限公司北京 100028

收稿日期:2020-03-27 修回日期:2021-01-12 出版日期:2021-05-25 发布日期:2021-06-05
通讯作者: 陈浩,男,1985年10月生,2009年获中国石油大学(北京)学士学位,2015年获中国石油大学(北京)油气田开发工程专业博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)海洋油气工程系副教授,主要从事油层物理和注气提高采收率的教学和科研工作。Email:chenhaomailbox@163.com
作者简介:王千,男,1991年1月生,2014年获西南石油大学学士学位,2020年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,主要从事油气田开发方面的研究。Email:wq5635137@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目"超深层碎屑岩油气藏渗流物理基础研究"（No.51774300）资助。

Influence of pore throat structure on changes in physical properties of reservoir rock during CO₂ flooding

Wang Qian¹, Yang Shenglai¹, Bai Jie², Zhao Wei³, Li Jiajun¹, Chen Hao¹

1. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. Research Institute of Oil and Gas Technology, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710021, China;
3. China Petroleum Technology and Development Corporation, Beijing 100028, China

Received:2020-03-27 Revised:2021-01-12 Online:2021-05-25 Published:2021-06-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 注CO₂提高储层原油采收率过程中，储层中流体的渗流和分布受岩石孔喉结构控制，且注入的CO₂会引发原油中的沥青质沉淀，导致储层渗透率下降并改变储层的润湿性。通过在4块渗透率相似但孔喉结构不同的岩心上进行的混相和非混相的CO₂驱油实验研究了CO₂驱油过程中岩石孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响。基于岩石孔径分布和压汞曲线，根据分形理论对岩心孔喉结构特征进行定量评估。实验结果表明，在提高原油采收率方面，混相驱替比非混相驱替高12.2%~16.8%，孔喉结构相对均质的岩心比非均质岩心高18.1%~26.9%，在非混驱替时原油采收率受岩心孔隙结构的影响更明显。由于沥青质沉淀堵塞孔喉，混相和非混相驱替后岩心渗透率分别下降了7.5%~14.2%、4.0%~7.9%，且渗透率下降幅度与岩心孔喉结构分形维数呈正比。混相和非混相驱替后岩心的润湿指数分别下降了26.8%~59.8 ％、10.5%~21.6%。由于更大的CO₂波及体积，孔喉结构相对均质的岩心水湿性减弱更显著。混相驱替和均质的孔喉结构使岩心物性变化分布更均匀，且均质的孔喉结构可以在提高CO₂驱油效率的同时，减弱沥青质沉淀造成的岩心渗透率下降及润湿性变化，减弱程度分别为3.5%~6.7%、11.2%~33.0%。

关键词: CO₂驱油, 孔喉结构, 沥青质沉淀, 储层堵塞, 渗透率下降, 润湿性变化

Abstract: During CO₂ enhanced oil recovery, the flow and distribution of fluid in reservoirs are controlled by the pore-throat structures of rocks, and CO₂ injection promotes asphaltene precipitation from crude oil, decreasing the permeability and altering reservoir wettability. In this work, miscible and immiscible CO₂ flooding experiments were carried out on four samples with very similar permeability values but different pore-throat structures in order to study the effects of pore-throat structure on changes in reservoir properties during CO₂ flooding. The features of pore-throat structure were quantitatively evaluated by fractal theory, based on pore size distribution and rate-controlled porosimetry mercury intrusion curves. The experimental results showed that the oil recovery of miscible flooding was 12.2% -16.8% higher than that of immiscible flooding, and the cores with more homogeneous pore-throat structure have the values which were 18.1% -26.9% higher than that of heterogeneous cores, moreover, the oil recovery was more significantly affected by the pore-throat structure during immiscible flooding. The permeability of the cores after miscible and immiscible flooding decreased by 7.5% -14.2% and 4.0% -7.9% due to the blockage of the pore throat caused by asphaltene precipitation, and the permeability decline was proportional to the fractal dimension of the pore-throat structure. The wettability indexes of cores after miscible and immiscible flooding decreased by 26.8% -59.8% and 10.5% -21.6%, respectively. Due to the larger sweep volume of injected CO₂, the water wettability of cores with homogeneous pore-throat structure was weakened more significantly. Miscible flooding and homogeneous pore-throat structures make the distribution of core physical property variation more uniform, and the homogeneous pore-throat structures can improve the efficiency of CO₂ flooding and reduce the permeability decline and wettability variation caused by asphaltene precipitation, the degree is 3.5% -6.7%, 11.2% -33.0% respectively.

Key words: CO₂ flooding, pore-throat structure, asphaltene precipitation, reservoir blockage, permeability decline, wettability alteration

中图分类号:

TE357.4

王千, 杨胜来, 拜杰, 赵卫, 李佳峻, 陈浩. CO₂驱油过程中孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(5): 654-668,685.

Wang Qian, Yang Shenglai, Bai Jie, Zhao Wei, Li Jiajun, Chen Hao. Influence of pore throat structure on changes in physical properties of reservoir rock during CO₂ flooding[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(5): 654-668,685.

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CO₂驱油过程中孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响

Influence of pore throat structure on changes in physical properties of reservoir rock during CO₂ flooding

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