南海北部强活动型被动陆缘盆地宝岛21-1大气田的发现及地质意义

doi:10.7623/syxb202305001

石油学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 713-729.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202305001

• 地质勘探 • 下一篇

南海北部强活动型被动陆缘盆地宝岛21-1大气田的发现及地质意义

徐长贵^1,2, 邓勇³, 吴克强⁴, 胡林⁴, 尤丽⁴

1. 中国海洋石油有限公司北京 100010;
2. 海洋油气勘探国家工程研究中心北京 100010;
3. 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司广东湛江 524057;
4. 中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司海南海口 570100

收稿日期:2023-02-01 修回日期:2023-04-23 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-05-31
通讯作者: 徐长贵,男,1971年10月生,2007年获中国地质大学(北京)工学博士学位,现为中国海洋石油有限公司勘探副总师、教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油地质与综合勘探研究。
作者简介:徐长贵,男,1971年10月生,2007年获中国地质大学(北京)工学博士学位,现为中国海洋石油有限公司勘探副总师、教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油地质与综合勘探研究。Email:xuchg@cnooc.com.cn
基金资助:
中海石油（中国）有限公司综合科研项目"南海大中型天然气田形成条件、勘探潜力与突破方向"（KJZH-2021-0003-00）资助。

Discovery and geological significance of the large gas field Baodao 21-1 in a passive epicontinental basin with strong activity in the northern South China Sea

Xu Changgui^1,2, Deng Yong³, Wu Keqiang⁴, Hu Lin⁴, You Li⁴

1. CNOOC Limited, Beijing 100010, China;
2. National Engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration, Beijing 100010, China;
3. Zhanjiang Branch, CNOOC (China) Limited, Guangdong Zhanjiang, 524057, China;
4. Hainan Branch, CNOOC (China) Limited, Hainan Haikou 570100, China

Received:2023-02-01 Revised:2023-04-23 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-05-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 宝岛凹陷是琼东南盆地新生代构造活动最强烈的凹陷，2022年在宝岛21转换断阶带发现中国首个深水深层大型气田——宝岛21-1气田，证实了宝岛凹陷的天然气资源潜力。在宝岛21-1气田基本地质特征认识的基础上，系统分析气田烃源岩富集生烃机理、储层-圈闭形成机制、断裂体系运聚机理和天然气成藏期次及成藏模式，总结针对深水深层的地球物理与测试作业攻关创新技术。宝岛21-1构造发育"双源"有机质富集，地壳强烈薄化导致构造具高热流值，烃源岩热演化加速、生气强度大；隆起区物源沿转换斜坡注入凹陷，形成大型三角洲朵叶体控制的构造+岩性圈闭；大型构造脊利于天然气汇聚，主控断层差异活动与三角洲砂岩构成高效输导系统，具备形成大型气田的地质基础。宝岛21-1气田具有多期油气充注，证实转换断阶带发育"半封闭环境富集/高热加速生烃控源—转换斜坡控圈—长期活动断裂控运—晚期多期强充注—弱活动断裂控聚"的天然气成藏富集模式。建立深水陡陆坡崎岖海底区深层油气地球物理探测关键技术，实现了构造精细落实与含气性成功预测；创建深水深层复杂流体流动安全保障与产能释放关键技术，保障了地层真实产能释放。宝岛21-1大型气田的发现，证实强活动型被动陆缘盆地油气成藏富集模式，认为相对稳定的走向斜坡型转换带是大—中型气田富集的"黄金带"。研究认识为宝岛凹陷天然气勘探指明了方向，对琼东南盆地乃至南海北部及中—南部天然气勘探具有重要的借鉴与启示意义。

关键词: 琼东南盆地, 宝岛凹陷, 转换断阶带, 深水深层, 烃类气, 大型气田

Abstract: In Qiongdongnan Basin, Baodao sag is considered as the one where the strongest Cenozoic tectonic activity occurred. In 2022, China's first large deep-water and deep-layer gas field, i.e., Baodao 21-1 gas field, was discovered in Baodao 21 transition step-fault zone, thus verifying the potential of natural gas resources of Baodao sag. Based on the understanding of the basic geological characteristics of Baodao 21-1 gas field, the paper systematically analyzes the enrichment and hydrocarbon generation mechanism of source rocks, the reservoir-trap formation mechanism, the migration and accumulation mechanism of fault system, and the accumulation stages and accumulation models of natural gas of the gas field, and summarizes the groundbreaking and innovative geophysical and testing technologies for deep-water and deep-layer gas fields. Baodao 21-1 structure develops "double source" organic matter enrichment, and the intense crustal thinning leads to high heat flow in the structure, as well as accelerated thermal evolution and high gas generation intensity of source rocks; the provenance of the uplift is injected into the sag along the transition slope, forming a tectonic and lithologic trap controlled by large delta lobes; large-scale tectonic ridges are conducive to natural gas accumulation, and the differential activities of main faults and delta sandstones constitute an efficient transport system, which can provide a geological foundation for the formation of large-scale gas fields. Baodao 21-1 gas field has multi-stage oil and gas charging, proving that the transition step-fault zone develops a natural gas accumulation and enrichment mode of "enrichment in semi-enclosed environment/accelerating hydrocarbon generation at high temperature for source control, relay ramp for trap control, long-term active fault for controlling hydrocarbon migration, late multi-stage strong charging, and weak active fault for controlling accumulation". This study develops the key technologies for deep layer oil and gas geophysical exploration in the rugged seabed area of deepwater steep slope land, thus achieving the fine construction of structure and successful prediction of gas-bearing properties, and creates key technologies for safety control of flowing of deepwater and deep layer complex fluid and capacity release, thus guaranteeing the release of real production capacity of the formations. The discovery of the large gas field Baodao 21-1 has confirmed the oil and gas accumulation and enrichment mode of passive epicontinental basin with strong activity. It is believed that the relatively stable strike slope type transition zone is the "golden zone" for enrichment in medium- and large-scale gas fields. The relevant research and understanding point out the direction for natural gas exploration in Baodao sag, and have important reference and enlightenment significance for natural gas exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin, the northern and central-southern South China Sea.

Key words: Qiongdongnan Basin, Baodao sag, transition step-fault zone, deep-water and deep-layer, hydrocarbon gas, large gas field

中图分类号:

TE122

徐长贵, 邓勇, 吴克强, 胡林, 尤丽. 南海北部强活动型被动陆缘盆地宝岛21-1大气田的发现及地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(5): 713-729.

Xu Changgui, Deng Yong, Wu Keqiang, Hu Lin, You Li. Discovery and geological significance of the large gas field Baodao 21-1 in a passive epicontinental basin with strong activity in the northern South China Sea[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(5): 713-729.

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南海北部强活动型被动陆缘盆地宝岛21-1大气田的发现及地质意义

Discovery and geological significance of the large gas field Baodao 21-1 in a passive epicontinental basin with strong activity in the northern South China Sea

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