鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组孢粉相及其沉积古环境恢复

doi:10.7623/syxb202407005

石油学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 1092-1103.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202407005

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组孢粉相及其沉积古环境恢复

李剑锋^1,2, 李相博³, 马博⁴, 黄军平³, 孔庆芬^1,2, 张艳³, 吉利明^5,6

1. 中国石油长庆油田公司勘探开发研究院陕西西安 710018;
2. 低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室陕西西安 710018;
3. 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院甘肃兰州 730020;
4. 兰州资源环境职业技术大学黄河流域生态环境产教融合研究院甘肃兰州 730020;
5. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院甘肃兰州 730000;
6. 甘肃省油气资源勘探与评价重点实验室甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2023-06-05 修回日期:2024-05-06 发布日期:2024-08-06
通讯作者: 吉利明,男,1963年1月生,2005年获中国地质大学(武汉)地球化学专业博士学位,现为中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院研究员,主要从事石油地质与微体古生物研究。Email:jilimin@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:李剑锋,男,1968年9月生,1991年获南京大学地球化学专业学士学位,现为中国石油长庆油田公司勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事油气地球化学研究。Email:ljf_cq@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目"鄂尔多斯盆地延长期湖泊热流体活动与优质烃源岩发育机制"(No.42372176)、"深水块状砂岩形成机理及沉积模式研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例"(No.41772099)和甘肃省青年科技基金项目"纹层结构对低熟页岩原位转化的微观协同机制研究"(23JRRA1372)资助。

Palynofacies and sedimentary paleoenvironment reconstruction of Triassic Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin

Li Jianfeng^1,2, Li Xiangbo³, Ma Bo⁴, Huang Junping³, Kong Qingfen^1,2, Zhang Yan³, Ji Liming^5,6

1. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
2. National Engineeering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil and Gas Fields, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Gansu Lanzhou 730020, China;
4. Yellow River Basin Ecotope Integration of Industry and Education Research Institute, Lanzhou Resources & Environment Voc-Tech University, Gansu Lanzhou 730020, China;
5. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gansu Lanzhou 730000, China;
6. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation, Gansu Province, Gansu Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2023-06-05 Revised:2024-05-06 Published:2024-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系优质烃源岩有机质来源,对三叠系延长组的岩心开展了孢粉相分析和沉积古环境恢复。①延长组9段—6段可识别出3种孢粉相:孢粉相Ⅰ以无定形有机质(AOM)为主;孢粉相Ⅱ以AOM和植物碎屑共同发育为特征;孢粉相Ⅲ以发育植物碎屑为主。②延长组可划分出3种孢粉相组合:组合A中以孢粉相Ⅲ为主,可见少量孢粉相Ⅰ和孢粉相Ⅱ,形成于河/湖三角洲和滨湖沉积,为近源富氧的高能环境产物;组合B中以孢粉相Ⅱ为主,可见少量孢粉相Ⅰ和孢粉相Ⅲ,是浅湖—半深湖亚相产物,反映低氧—缺氧的近源—远源环境;组合C中以孢粉相Ⅰ为主,仅出现于延长组7段3亚段,形成于半深湖—深湖亚相静水缺氧环境。③元素地球化学古环境分析显示:研究区在延长组7段3亚段沉积期为持续的高度湿润气候,在延长组9段1亚段、延长组7段1亚段和延长组6段3亚段沉积期可出现不连续的潮湿气候,其余时段为半干旱—半潮湿气候;湖平面在延长组7段3亚段沉积期达到最高;湖泊生产力在延长组8段1亚段沉积期开始升高,至延长组7段3亚段沉积期达到高峰;高度湿润气候、湖泊最大水深与最高生产力的同期出现,指示印支期盆地的快速沉降事件与卡尼期全球潮湿气候事件耦合是鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组7段3亚段沉积期藻类勃发和降解AOM大规模聚集的关键因素,并导致发育优质烃源岩。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 三叠系延长组, 孢粉相, 古环境, 古气候, 烃源岩

Abstract: To reveal the organic matter sources of high-quality Triassic source rocks in southern Ordos Basin, palynofacies analysis and sedimentary paleoenvironment reconstruction were carried out on the core of the Triassic Yanchang Formation. The findings show as follows. (1)Three types of palynofacies can be identified from Member 9 to Member 6 of Yanchang Formation. Specifically, palynofacies Type Ⅰ is mainly composed of amorphous organic matter (AOM); palynofacies Type Ⅱ is characterized by co-development of AOM and plant debris; palynofacies Type Ⅲ is dominated by plant detritus. (2)Three types of palynofacies assemblage are classified. Assemblage A is mainly composed of palynofacies Type Ⅲ, with a small amount of palynofacies Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ. It is formed in fluvial/lacustrine delta and lakefront facies, as being a near-source oxygen-rich product in high-energy environment. Assemblage B mainly contains palynofacies Type Ⅱ, with a small amount of palynofacies Type Ⅰ and Ⅲ. It is a shallow to semi-deep lacustrine subfacies product, reflecting the hypoxic to anoxic near-source or far-source environment. Assemblage C is dominated by palynofacies Type Ⅰ, which is only found in the 3rd submember of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation. It was formed in the semi-deep to deep lacustrine static water anoxic environment. (3)The element geochemical paleoenvironmental analysis shows that the study area had a continuous highly humid climate during the depositional period in the 3rd submember of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation, the discontinuous humid climate might occur during the depositional periods in the 1st submember of Member 9 and Member 7, and the 3rd submember of Member 6 of Yanchang Formation, and semi-arid to semi-humid climate occurred in the remaining periods. The lake level reached its highest during the depositional period in the 3rd submember of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation. The lake productivity began to increase in the depositional period of the first submember of Member 8 of Yanchang Formation, and reached its peak in the depositional period of the 3rd submember of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation. The simultaneous occurrence of highly humid climate, maximum lake depth, and maximum productivity indicates that the coupling of rapid subsidence in the Indosinian period and global humid climate events in the Carnian period is the key factor for the algal bloom and large-scale accumulation of degraded AOM in the depositional period of the 3rd submember of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin, leading to the development of high-quality source rocks.

Key words: Ordos Basin, Triassic Yanchang Formation, palynofacies, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, source rock

中图分类号:

TE121.3

李剑锋, 李相博, 马博, 黄军平, 孔庆芬, 张艳, 吉利明. 鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组孢粉相及其沉积古环境恢复[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(7): 1092-1103.

Li Jianfeng, Li Xiangbo, Ma Bo, Huang Junping, Kong Qingfen, Zhang Yan, Ji Liming. Palynofacies and sedimentary paleoenvironment reconstruction of Triassic Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(7): 1092-1103.

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鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组孢粉相及其沉积古环境恢复

Palynofacies and sedimentary paleoenvironment reconstruction of Triassic Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin

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