准噶尔盆地南缘超深层碎屑岩天然气成藏条件及勘探关键技术

doi:10.7623/syxb202504002

石油学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 676-691.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202504002

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

准噶尔盆地南缘超深层碎屑岩天然气成藏条件及勘探关键技术

毛新军¹, 甘仁忠², 钱海涛², 赵长永², 柯贤贵², 付连明², 庞志超³, 徐永华², 徐小龙², 何文军³, 宋志华²

1. 中国石油新疆油田公司新疆克拉玛依 834000;
2. 中国石油新疆油田公司勘探事业部新疆克拉玛依 834000;
3. 中国石油新疆油田公司勘探开发研究院新疆克拉玛依 834000

收稿日期:2024-10-18 修回日期:2025-02-11 发布日期:2025-05-10
通讯作者: 钱海涛,男,1986年12月生,2013年获西安石油大学硕士学位,现为中国石油新疆油田公司勘探事业部高级工程师,主要从事石油地质综合研究工作。Email:fcqht@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:毛新军,男,1973年4月生,2010年获中国石油大学(北京)硕士学位,现为中国石油新疆油田公司副总经理、总地质师、教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探研究及管理工作。Email:mxj7341@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技专项“超深层碎屑岩油气规模增储上产与勘探开发技术研究”(2023ZZ14)和中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技重大专项“准噶尔盆地南缘下组合综合地质研究目标评价技术攻关与现场试验”(2022KT0202)资助。

Accumulation conditions and key exploration technologies for natural gas in ultra-deep clastic rocks in southern margin of Junggar Basin

Mao Xinjun¹, Gan Renzhong², Qian Haitao², Zhao Changyong², Ke Xiangui², Fu Lianming², Pang Zhichao³, Xu Yonghua², Xu Xiaolong², He Wenjun³, Song Zhihua²

1. PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Karamay 834000, China;
2. Exploration Utility Department, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Karamay 834000, China;
3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Karamay 834000, China

Received:2024-10-18 Revised:2025-02-11 Published:2025-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准噶尔盆地南缘油气资源丰富,地质结构呈多层叠置,构造样式复杂多变,是准噶尔盆地内石油地质条件最复杂、勘探历程最曲折的区带。近年来,随着盆地南缘前陆超深层碎屑岩油气勘探的地质理论认识提升,地震、钻井技术进步,以及勘探战略方向转移,在盆地南缘中段发现了超深层碎屑岩大气区。勘探实践与研究表明:①盆地南缘发育古近系、白垩系、侏罗系、三叠系和二叠系5套烃源岩,其中,二叠系和侏罗系为主要烃源岩层,已进入规模生气阶段,具备形成大—中型气田的充足物质基础;②下组合的白垩系—侏罗系发育5套规模储层(分别为白垩系清水河组,侏罗系喀拉扎组、头屯河组、三工河组和八道湾组),孔隙型与多尺度裂缝型储层相互叠置,形成了大跨度裂隙系统,为天然气的高产提供了良好的储集空间;③白垩系吐谷鲁群的区域性泥岩形成了超高压的“厚被子”盖层,其天然气保存条件好,是天然气成藏的关键;④盆地南缘发育成排成带的大规模背斜构造圈闭群,根据构造叠加样式可划分为3排构造(逆冲推覆带、滑脱褶皱带和前缘斜坡带)7大构造带(掩伏构造带、东湾构造带、乌昌转换带、霍玛吐构造带、独安构造带、呼图壁构造带和芳草湖构造带),明确了东湾构造带、呼图壁构造带、乌昌转换带和掩伏构造带为天然气保存条件最优的背斜构造。准噶尔盆地南缘在勘探中形成了山前超深层“双复杂”构造(复杂地表和复杂地下构造)高精度地震采集、全深度建模及偏移成像、圈闭精细描述等技术序列,以及山前超深层超高压超高温碎屑岩储层精细评价、优快钻完井及安全测试等关键配套技术。盆地南缘中段天然气勘探的突破有效推动了准噶尔盆地超深层碎屑岩天然气的勘探开发进程,丰富了陆相超深层碎屑岩的油气地质理论。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地南缘, 超深层碎屑岩, 超高温超高压气藏, 成藏地质条件, 勘探关键技术

Abstract: Oil and gas resources are abundant in the southern margin of Junggar Basin with multi-layered geological structures and complicated and variable structural styles, which features the most complex petroleum geological conditions and the most tortuous exploration history. In recent years, with the improvement of the geological theories, the progress of seismic and drilling technologies, and the shift of exploration strategies for hydrocarbon exploration of ultra-deep clastic rocks in the foreland at the southern margin of Junggar Basin, a large gas area of ultra-deep clastic rocks has been discovered in the middle section of the southern margin of Junggar Basin. Exploration practices and researches show as follows. (1)Five sets of source rocks, i.e., the Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Paleogene, are developed in the southern margin of Junggar Basin. Among them, the Jurassic and Permian as the main source rocks have entered the stage of large-scale gas generation and possess the material basis for the formation of large and medium-sized gas fields. (2)The lower assemblage has developed multiple sets of large-scale reservoirs such as the Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation, and the Jurassic Kalazha Formation, Toutunhe Formation, Sangonghe Formation, and Badaowan Formation. The superimposition of pore-type and multi-scale fracture-type reservoirs forms a large-span fracture body, providing reservoir conditions for high natural gas production. (3)The regional thick quilt-like ultra-high pressure mudstone caprock of the Cretaceous Tugulu Group has good preservation conditions, which is the key to natural gas accumulation. (4)The large-scale anticlinal structural trap group distributed in rows has developed in a belt-like pattern. According to the superposition pattern of structures, the southern margin of Junggar Basin can be divided into three rows of tectonic belts (thrust belt, detachment fold belt and frontal slope belt), including seven structural belts (buried structural belt, Dongwan structural belt, Wuchang transfer belt, Huomatu structural belt, Du’an structural belt, Hutubi structural belt and Fangcaohu structural belt). It is clear that Dongwan structural belt, Hutubi structural belt, Wuchang transfer belt and buried structural belts are most favorable anticlines for natural gas preservation. During exploration of the southern margin of Junggar Basin, a sequence of techniques such as high-precision seismic acquisition, full-depth modeling and migration imaging, and fine description of traps for the "double complex" structures (complex surface and subsurface structures)in the ultra-deep piedmont has been established, as well as the key supporting technologies involving fine evaluation of ultra-deep, ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature clastic rock reservoirs, optimal fast drilling and completion, and safety testing. The breakthrough of natural gas exploration in the middle section of the southern margin of Junggar Basin has effectively promoted the exploration and development of natural gas in ultra-deep clastic rocks, thus enriching the petroleum geological theories of continental ultra-deep clastic rocks.

Key words: southern margin of Junggar Basin, ultra deep clastic rock, ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure gas reservoir, geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation, key technologies for exploration

中图分类号:

TE122.3

毛新军, 甘仁忠, 钱海涛, 赵长永, 柯贤贵, 付连明, 庞志超, 徐永华, 徐小龙, 何文军, 宋志华. 准噶尔盆地南缘超深层碎屑岩天然气成藏条件及勘探关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(4): 676-691.

Mao Xinjun, Gan Renzhong, Qian Haitao, Zhao Changyong, Ke Xiangui, Fu Lianming, Pang Zhichao, Xu Yonghua, Xu Xiaolong, He Wenjun, Song Zhihua. Accumulation conditions and key exploration technologies for natural gas in ultra-deep clastic rocks in southern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(4): 676-691.

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准噶尔盆地南缘超深层碎屑岩天然气成藏条件及勘探关键技术

Accumulation conditions and key exploration technologies for natural gas in ultra-deep clastic rocks in southern margin of Junggar Basin

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