三塘湖盆地芦草沟组烃源岩特征、全油气系统油藏类型及成藏模式

doi:10.7623/syxb202507011

石油学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 1385-1399.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202507011

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

三塘湖盆地芦草沟组烃源岩特征、全油气系统油藏类型及成藏模式

于淼^1,2, 高岗^1,2, 梁辉³, 马强³, 李雅南⁴, 张伟³, 樊柯廷^1,2, 杨易卓^1,2, 康积伦^1,2,3, 徐雄飞^1,2,3, 何昌松³

1. 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院北京 102249;
2. 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,中国石油大学(北京) 北京 102249;
3. 中国石油吐哈油田公司勘探开发研究院新疆哈密 839009;
4. 中国石油辽河油田公司勘探开发研究院辽宁盘锦 124010

收稿日期:2024-10-29 修回日期:2025-05-10 发布日期:2025-08-08
通讯作者: 高岗,男,1966年7月生,2004年获中国矿业大学博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院教授,主要从事油气地质与勘探研究。Email:gaogang2819@sina.com
作者简介:于淼,男,1997年3月生,2019年获西南石油大学学士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)博士研究生,主要从事油气地质与勘探研究。Email:461973844@qq.com
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司吐哈油田公司对外合作项目“三塘湖-准东地区芦草沟组岩相古地理环境与有效储集层形成控制要素研究”(YJYHZC2022)资助。

Source rock characteristics,as well as reservoir types and accumulation models of the Whole Petroleum System in Lucaogou Formation,Santanghu Basin

Yu Miao^1,2, Gao Gang^1,2, Liang Hui³, Ma Qiang³, Li Yanan⁴, Zhang Wei³, Fan Keting^1,2, Yang Yizhuo^1,2, Kang Jilun^1,2,3, Xu Xiongfei^1,2,3, He Changsong³

1. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
3. Research Institute of Exploration & Development, PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Hami 839009, China;
4. Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company, Liaoning Panjin 124000, China

Received:2024-10-29 Revised:2025-05-10 Published:2025-08-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 三塘湖盆地的勘探开发实践证实,以火山灰-湖相碳酸盐为主要沉积背景的芦草沟组咸化湖相烃源岩,对条湖凹陷、马朗凹陷的古生代与中生代油藏具有重要贡献。基于地球化学、地震及生产测试资料等,对芦草沟组烃源岩的供烃能力进行了综合评价,并系统研究了与之相关的油藏及其富集模式。研究结果表明:芦草沟组烃源岩的母质以蓝细菌和绿藻为主,两种典型烃源岩母质呈差异富集,即火山喷发期的烃源岩母质以蓝细菌为主、火山活动间歇期的烃源岩母质以绿藻为主,而火山喷发-间歇过渡期或火山微弱活动期的烃源岩母质的组成为二者的混合,此外,两种烃源岩母质均具有较强的生烃能力,且各自的大量生烃阶段存在差异,为全油气系统的持续供烃提供了必要的条件;全油气系统的储层类型多样,主要包括马朗凹陷洼陷区和斜坡区以及条湖凹陷洼陷区芦草沟组二段(芦二段)细粒储层、马朗凹陷南缘芦二段粗碎屑储层、条湖凹陷南缘芦草沟组一段(芦一段)块状凝灰岩储层、条湖凹陷—马朗凹陷条湖组二段(条二段)凝灰岩储层、条湖凹陷卡拉岗组火山岩储层、条湖凹陷—马朗凹陷西山窑组砂岩储层等;以芦二段烃源岩为核心,卡拉岗组、芦一段、芦二段、条湖组、西山窑组各段的油藏在垂向上呈有序叠置,依次发育火山岩油藏、致密油藏、源-储一体型页岩油藏、断裂垂向调整型致密油藏和常规油藏;通过系统分析、梳理与芦草沟组烃源岩相关油藏的特征及分布规律,明确了其常规—非常规油藏有序共生的立体富集模式。研究成果对于完善陆相湖盆全油气系统理论具有重要意义。

关键词: 全油气系统, 油藏类型, 生烃能力, 咸化湖相, 芦草沟组, 三塘湖盆地

Abstract: Exploration and development practices in Santanghu Basin have demonstrated that the Lucaogou Formation saline lacustrine source rocks, deposited primarily in volcanic ash and lacustrine carbonate settings, have made significant contributions to the Paleozoic and Mesozoic oil reservoirs in Tiaohu and Malang sags. Based on geochemical, seismic, and production data, this paper comprehensively evaluates the hydrocarbon supplying capacity of the Lucaogou Formation source rocks, and systematically investigate the associated reservoirs and their accumulation models. The organic matter in the Lucaogou Formation source rocks is mainly derived from cyanobacteria and green algae. Differential enrichment patterns are observed in two typical source rocks with different organic matter across volcanic activity phases. Specifically, source rocks deposited in volcanic eruption periods are dominated by cyanobacteria, those are dominated by green algae during volcanic quiescence, and the mixed assemblage plays a dominant role in the transition periods or weak volcanic activity stages. Both types of organic matter demonstrate strong hydrocarbon generation potential, characterized with distinct maturation stages, which provide essential conditions for continuous hydrocarbon supply in the Whole Petroleum System. There are diverse types of reservoirs in the Whole Petroleum System, mainly including the fine-grained reservoirs of the Member 2 of Lucaogou Formation in the subsag and slope areas of Malang sag and the subsag of Tiaohu sag, the coarse debris reservoirs of the Member 2 of Lucaogou Formation in the southern margin of Malang sag, the massive tuff reservoirs of the Member 1 of Lucaogou Formation in the southern margin of Tiaohu sag, the tuff reservoirs of the Member 2 of Tiaohu Formation inTiaohu-Malang sags, the volcanic reservoirs of Kalagang Formation in Tiaohu sag, and the sandstone reservoirs of Xishanyao Formation in Tiaohu-Malang sags. Moreover, vertically stacked reservoirs, from the Kalagang Formation to the Member 1 and 2 of Lucaogou Formation to the Tiaohu Formation and Xishanyao Formation, exhibit ordered distribution patterns centered on the source rocks of Member 2 of Lucaogou Formation, including volcanic reservoirs, tight oil reservoirs, source-reservoir integrated shale oil reservoirs, fault-controlled vertically adjusted tight oil reservoirs, and conventional reservoirs. Through systematic analysis and summarization of the characteristics and distribution patterns of reservoirs associated with Lucaogou Formation source rocks, the study identifies the multi-dimensional accumulation model of the ordered coexistence of conventional and unconventional reservoirs. These findings are of great significance for improving the Whole Petroleum System theory in continental lacustrine basins.

Key words: Whole Petroleum System, reservoir types, hydrocarbon generation potential, saline lacustrine, Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.3

于淼, 高岗, 梁辉, 马强, 李雅南, 张伟, 樊柯廷, 杨易卓, 康积伦, 徐雄飞, 何昌松. 三塘湖盆地芦草沟组烃源岩特征、全油气系统油藏类型及成藏模式[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(7): 1385-1399.

Yu Miao, Gao Gang, Liang Hui, Ma Qiang, Li Yanan, Zhang Wei, Fan Keting, Yang Yizhuo, Kang Jilun, Xu Xiongfei, He Changsong. Source rock characteristics,as well as reservoir types and accumulation models of the Whole Petroleum System in Lucaogou Formation,Santanghu Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(7): 1385-1399.

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三塘湖盆地芦草沟组烃源岩特征、全油气系统油藏类型及成藏模式

Source rock characteristics,as well as reservoir types and accumulation models of the Whole Petroleum System in Lucaogou Formation,Santanghu Basin

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