玛湖凹陷南缘风城组致密砂岩微观结构及流体动用特征

doi:10.7623/syxb202507013

石油学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 1418-1433.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202507013

• 油田开发 • 上一篇

玛湖凹陷南缘风城组致密砂岩微观结构及流体动用特征

胡水清¹, 李庆^2,3, 黄文彪⁴, 覃建华⁵, 阎逸群¹, 张景⁵, 巴忠臣⁵, 秦军⁵, 张宗斌⁵, 何辉¹, 胡亚斐¹, 汪莉彬¹

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油新疆油田分公司开发事业部新疆克拉玛依 834000;
3. 中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院北京 102249;
4. 中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院山东青岛 266580;
5. 中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院新疆克拉玛依 834000

收稿日期:2024-07-25 修回日期:2025-06-30 发布日期:2025-08-08
通讯作者: 胡水清,男,1979年9月生,2008年获中国石油勘探开发研究院博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事非常规原油开发研究工作。Email:hushuiqing@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ1003)和中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目(2023ZZ24YJ03)资助。

Microstructure and fluid mobilization characteristics of tight sandstone in Fengcheng Formation of southern Mahu sag

Hu Shuiqing¹, Li Qing^2,3, Huang Wenbiao⁴, Qin Jianhua⁵, Yan Yiqun¹, Zhang Jing⁵, Ba Zhongchen⁵, Qin Jun⁵, Zhang Zongbin⁵, He Hui¹, Hu Yafei¹, Wang Libin¹

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Development Division, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Karamay 834000, China;
3. Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
4. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China;
5. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Karamay 834000, China

Received:2024-07-25 Revised:2025-06-30 Published:2025-08-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了揭示玛湖凹陷南缘二叠系风城组二段长石岩屑砂岩与白云质砂岩的微观结构及流体动用特征,采用高压压汞、大视域扫描电镜、核磁共振及弹性能排油联测实验,对18块岩样开展孔喉结构定量表征与不同含油饱和度下的流体动用效率研究。研究结果表明:两类岩性的孔隙结构差异显著;白云质砂岩以粒内溶孔为主(孔径为0.02~20.00 μm),喉道尺寸普遍小于0.01 μm,压汞曲线呈“上凸型”,进汞饱和度平均为79%;长石岩屑砂岩以粒间孔为主(孔径为0.1~50.0 μm),喉道集中在0.01~0.10 μm,压汞曲线多为“弱平台型”,进汞饱和度平均为89%。储层微观特征通过制约渗流阻力影响动用效率,动用效率与孔喉尺寸、分选系数呈正相关,与孔喉比呈负相关,宏观上随物性参数K//φ增大呈对数增长。由于油、水的弹性差异,流体总弹性能随含油饱和度增加而升高,导致排油效率呈“油升水降”的趋势,当S_o=25%时,原油动用效率低于1%,水动用效率升至15%,据此厘定S_o=25%为原油动用下限。基于可动油孔隙度模型,对19口井25个射孔层段的评价显示,可动油孔隙度与采油强度呈显著正相关,厘定可动油孔隙度0.25%为油层下限、0.40%为地质甜点下限。现场应用表明,依据模型部署的MHHW37520水平井投产首年产量稳产在30 t/d,证实该研究可为致密油藏甜点优选及产能评估提供指导。

关键词: 玛湖凹陷, 风城组, 致密油, 微观结构, 弹性能, 动用效率

Abstract: This study aims to reveal the microstructure and fluid displacement characteristics of feldspathic lithic sandstone and dolomitic sandstone in Member 2 of the Permian Fengcheng Formation in the southern margin of Mahu sag. Eight rock samples were investigated using high-pressure mercury intrusion, large-field scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and elastic-energy oil displacement joint tests, so as to quantitatively characterize their pore-throat structures and evaluate fluid displacement efficiency under varying oil saturations Results demonstrate significant differences in pore structures between the two lithologies:(1) Dolomitic sandstone is dominated by intragranular dissolution pores (pore size:0.02-20.00 μm), with throat dimensions generally less than 0.01 μm. Mercury intrusion curves display up-convex profiles, averaging 79 % mercury saturation. (2) Feldspathic lithic sandstone mainly contains intergranular pores (pore size:0.1-50.0 μm), with throat dimensions concentrated in the range of 0.01-0.10 μm. Mercury intrusion curves shows a weak-plateau pattern, averaging 89 % mercury saturation. Microstructure affects displacement efficiency by controlling flow resistance. The efficiency increases with larger pore-throat sizes and sorting coefficients, and decreases with a higher pore-throat ratio. At the macro scale, it grows logarithmically with the physical property parameter K/φ. Due to the elastic differences between oil and water, the total elastic energy of fluids increases with rising oil saturation (S_o), leading to a trend where oil displacement efficiency increases while water displacement efficiency decreases. At S_o = 25 %, oil displacement efficiency drops below 1 %, while water displacement efficiency rises to 15 %. Therefore, S_o = 25 % is considered as the lower boundary for effective oil displacement. Based on the movable oil porosity model, evaluations of 25 perforated intervals in 19 wells show a significant positive correlation between movable oil porosity and oil production intensity. The lower threshold is set at 0.25 % for oil pays and 0.40 % for sweet spots. Field applications demonstrate that the MHHW37520 horizontal well deployed using the model has achieved stable production of 30 tons per day in the first year since its operation, confirming that this study can guide sweet spot optimization and productivity assessment for tight oil reservoirs.

Key words: Mahu sag, Fengcheng Formation, tight oil, microstructure, elastic energy, fluid mobility

中图分类号:

TE311

胡水清, 李庆, 黄文彪, 覃建华, 阎逸群, 张景, 巴忠臣, 秦军, 张宗斌, 何辉, 胡亚斐, 汪莉彬. 玛湖凹陷南缘风城组致密砂岩微观结构及流体动用特征[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(7): 1418-1433.

Hu Shuiqing, Li Qing, Huang Wenbiao, Qin Jianhua, Yan Yiqun, Zhang Jing, Ba Zhongchen, Qin Jun, Zhang Zongbin, He Hui, Hu Yafei, Wang Libin. Microstructure and fluid mobilization characteristics of tight sandstone in Fengcheng Formation of southern Mahu sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(7): 1418-1433.

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玛湖凹陷南缘风城组致密砂岩微观结构及流体动用特征

Microstructure and fluid mobilization characteristics of tight sandstone in Fengcheng Formation of southern Mahu sag

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