中非裂谷系Doseo盆地走滑构造演化与油气成藏控制作用

doi:10.7623/syxb202602008

石油学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 408-421.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202602008

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

中非裂谷系Doseo盆地走滑构造演化与油气成藏控制作用

张新顺¹, 窦立荣^1,2, 杜业波¹, 肖坤叶¹, 王林², 王利¹, 胡瑛¹, 欧亚菲¹, 宋一帆¹

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司北京 100034

收稿日期:2025-02-25 修回日期:2025-07-23 发布日期:2026-03-13
通讯作者: 窦立荣,男,1965年8月生,2004年获中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事全球油气资源评价与海外重点领域油气勘探关键技术研究。Email:dlirong@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:张新顺,男,1988年12月生,2016年获中国石油勘探开发研究院博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事海外风险勘探和综合地质研究。Email:vvvzxs@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项“新一轮全球油气资源智能化评价与综合选区技术”课题二(2025ZD1400802)和中国石油天然气股份有限公司基础性前瞻性科技专项“海外油气地质新理论资源评价新技术与超前选区研究”课题二(2023ZZ0702)资助。

Evolution of strike-slip structures and their control on hydrocarbon accumulation in Doseo Basin of the Central African Rift System

Zhang Xinshun¹, Dou Lirong^1,2, Du Yebo¹, Xiao Kunye¹, Wang Lin², Wang Li¹, Hu Ying¹, Ou Yafei¹, Song Yifan¹

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company Ltd., Beijing 100034, China

Received:2025-02-25 Revised:2025-07-23 Published:2026-03-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中非裂谷系的Doseo盆地是非洲大陆上重要的油气勘探前沿地区。基于构造解析以及沉积和油气系统等资料,系统分析了Doseo盆地的多期走滑构造演化史和区域构造应力场特征,并结合盆地油气成藏条件,揭示了走滑构造对油气成藏的控制机制。研究结果表明:(1)Doseo盆地的构造演化受中非剪切带的持续右旋活动控制,早白垩世发生了伸展-走滑构造运动,古近纪发生了挤压-走滑构造运动,多期走滑构造作用叠加形成了盆地内的复合花状构造;(2)早白垩世,伸展-走滑构造作用使得盆地北部沿NEE向先存断裂形成深陡凹陷,盆地在温湿气候条件下沉积了近千米厚的富有机质泥岩,同时在盆缘形成走滑构造转换带,为盆地东南部和北部分别提供了浅水/辫状河三角洲和扇三角洲前缘砂体的物源通道,其中,砂体与凹陷内的泥岩构成了优质的储-盖组合;(3)古近纪晚期的挤压-走滑构造作用控制了盆地内NE—SW向构造脊的发育,形成大量断背斜/断鼻圈闭并最终定型,该时期与油气充注Ⅱ期相匹配,控制了油气的富集与分布;(4)明确了Doseo盆地的油气成藏模式,其中,北部陡坡带以优质储层控藏为主,中部走滑构造带以断-盖配置控藏为特征,南部斜坡带以稳定盖层和保存条件控藏为关键。研究成果为Doseo盆地走滑构造带的油气勘探提供了重要依据。

关键词: 中非裂谷系, Doseo盆地, 多期走滑构造, 伸展-走滑, 挤压-走滑, 油气成藏

Abstract: Doseo Basin, located within the Central African Rift System, is a key frontier for onshore oil and gas exploration in Africa. Based on comprehensive analysis of geological structure, as well as sedimentary and hydrocarbon systems, this study systematically explores the multi-phase evolution of strike-slip faulting and the characteristics of the regional tectonic stress field in Doseo Basin. Combined with an analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in the basin, the study reveals the controlling mechanisms of strike-slip structures on hydrocarbon accumulation. The results show as follows. (1) The tectonic evolution of Doseo Basin is controlled by the sustained dextral activity along the Central African Shear Zone. Extension and strike-slip tectonism occurred during the Early Cretaceous, followed by compression and strike-slip tectonism during the Paleogene. The superimposition of multiple-phase strike-slip tectonism resulted in the formation of complex flower-shaped structures within the basin. (2) In the Early Cretaceous, extension and strike-slip tectonism led to the development of deep and steep depressions along pre-existing NEE-trending faults in the northern part of the basin, where nearly one-kilometer-thick organic-rich mudstone was deposited under warm and humid climatic conditions. At the same time, strike-slip transition zones at the basin margins provided sediment pathways, facilitating the development of shallow-water/braided river deltas and fan delta front sand bodies in the southeastern and northern parts of the basin, respectively. These sand bodies, in conjunction with the mudstones in the depressions, formed high-quality reservoir-cap assemblages. (3) The Late Paleogene compression and strike-slip tectonism controlled the development of NE-SW trending structural ridges, forming numerous faulted anticlines and plunging anticline traps. This phase coincided with the second stage of hydrocarbon charging and played a key role in controlling hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution. (4) The hydrocarbon accumulation model of Doseo Basin was clarified. Specifically, hydrocarbon accumulation is controlled by the presence of high-quality reservoirs in the northern steep slope zone, the fault and overburden caprock configurations in the central strike-slip fault zone, and stable caprock seals and favorable preservation conditions in the southern slope zone. The research results provide crucial insights for hydrocarbon exploration in the strike-slip tectonic zones of Doseo Basin.

Key words: Central African Rift System, Doseo Basin, multi-phase strike-slip structures, extension and strike-slip, compression and strike-slip, hydrocarbon accumulation

中图分类号:

TE121.2

张新顺, 窦立荣, 杜业波, 肖坤叶, 王林, 王利, 胡瑛, 欧亚菲, 宋一帆. 中非裂谷系Doseo盆地走滑构造演化与油气成藏控制作用[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(2): 408-421.

Zhang Xinshun, Dou Lirong, Du Yebo, Xiao Kunye, Wang Lin, Wang Li, Hu Ying, Ou Yafei, Song Yifan. Evolution of strike-slip structures and their control on hydrocarbon accumulation in Doseo Basin of the Central African Rift System[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(2): 408-421.

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中非裂谷系Doseo盆地走滑构造演化与油气成藏控制作用

Evolution of strike-slip structures and their control on hydrocarbon accumulation in Doseo Basin of the Central African Rift System

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