中国致密油气形成地质条件与勘探前景

doi:10.7623/syxb202501002

石油学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 17-32.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202501002

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

中国致密油气形成地质条件与勘探前景

朱如凯^1,2, 李国欣^1,3,4, 崔景伟^1,2, 黄福喜¹, 鲁雪松¹, 郭智¹, 曹正林¹

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司油气储层重点实验室北京 100083;
3. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司北京 100007;
4. 中国石油油气和新能源分公司北京 100007

收稿日期:2024-11-15 修回日期:2024-12-10 发布日期:2025-02-15
通讯作者: 李国欣,男,1971年9月生,2023年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事常规-非常规资源地质理论技术研究与勘探开发管理。Email:guoxinli@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:朱如凯,男,1968年2月生,1994年获北京大学博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事沉积储层、岩性地层油气藏与非常规油气地质研究。Email:zrk@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气集团有限公司前瞻性基础性科研项目"陆相页岩有机质富集与储层演化规律研究"(2024DJ8702)资助。

Geological accumulation conditions and exploration prospects of tight oil and gas in China

Zhu Rukai^1,2, Li Guoxin^1,3,4, Cui Jingwei^1,2, Huang Fuxi¹, Lu Xuesong¹, Guo Zhi¹, Cao Zhenglin¹

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir, Beijing 100083, China;
3. PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100007, China;
4. PetroChina Oil, Gas and New Energies Company, Beijing 100007, China

Received:2024-11-15 Revised:2024-12-10 Published:2025-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 致密油气是一种重要的非常规资源类型,相当于传统低渗透油气中的特低和超低渗透油气。目前致密气已成为中国产量最高的天然气类型,2023年产气量达600×10⁸m³以上,鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地是致密气的主体产区。中国2023年致密油产量达1 193×10⁴t,主要包括鄂尔多斯盆地延长组6段(长6段)和延长组8段(长8段)、准噶尔盆地玛湖地区二叠系—三叠系、松辽盆地扶余油层等。从中国沉积盆地分布及地质历史演化角度进一步探讨了致密油气资源的时空分布特征,致密油气资源主要分布在石炭系—二叠系、三叠系—侏罗系—白垩系、古近系—新近系。中国致密油气以近源聚集为主,平面上主要分布在源内与近源、斜坡—洼槽区域,纵向上主要分布在源上、源下及源间致密储集层中。根据中国致密油气的地质特征、聚集机理、形成条件、分布规律和主控因素等,将致密砂岩气划分为连续型致密深盆型、准连续型致密型和致密常规圈闭型3种聚集模式,将致密油划分为源-储分异远源聚集型、源-储相接近源聚集型和源-储相间邻源聚集型3种聚集模式。"十五五"(2026—2030年)期间,围绕鄂尔多斯盆地南部、四川盆地川中—川西地区、松辽盆地深层、塔里木盆地阿合组等领域,致密气新增探明地质储量有望超过2×10¹²m³;围绕鄂尔多斯盆地长6段、长8段,松辽盆地泉头组扶余油层,准噶尔盆地西部坳陷玛湖地区风城组等领域,致密油有望新增探明地质储量(18~20)×10⁸t。

关键词: 致密油, 致密气, 地质背景, 成藏模式, 资源潜力

Abstract: Tight oil and gas is an important unconventional resource, equivalent to ultra-low permeability and ultra low permeability oil and gas in traditional low-permeability oil and gas. At present, tight gas is the most productive in China, and has achieved an annual gas production of over 600×10⁸m³ in 2023; tight gas are mainly enriched in Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin. The tight oil production reached 1 193×10⁴t in 2023; the main production areas include Member 6 of Yanchang Formation (Chang 6 Member) and Member 8 of Yanchang Formation 8 (Chang 8 Member) in Ordos Basin, the Permian-Triassic tight glutenite reservoir in Mahu sag of Junggar Basin, and Fuyu tight oil reservoir in Songliao Basin. This paper discusses the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of tight oil and gas resources from the distribution and geological evolution of sedimentary basins in China, tight oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in the Carboniferous-Permian, Triassic-Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Paleogene-Neogene periods. China’s tight oil and gas are mainly accumulated near the source rocks; horizontally, they are primarily distributed within and near source rocks in slope and trough areas; vertically, they are mainly distributed in tight reservoirs above, below, and between source rocks. According to the geological characteristics, reservoir formation mechanisms and conditions, distribution patterns, and main controlling factors of tight oil and gas in China, three accumulation modes of tight sandstone gas are determined as below:continuous tight deep basin gas, quasi continuous tight gas, and tight conventional trap gas; there are three accumulation modes for tight oil:source-reservoir separated and far-source accumulation, source-reservoir connected and near-source accumulation, accumulation in reservoirs alternated with adjacent source rocks. During the 15th Five Year Plan period(2026-2030), in the fields of southern Ordos Basin, central-western Sichuan Basin, deep Songliao Basin, and Ahe Formation in Tarim Basin, the newly proved geological reserves of tight gas are expected to exceed 2×10¹²m³; and in the Chang 6 and Chang 8 members of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, Fuyu oil layer of Quantou Formation in Songliao Basin, Mahu Fengcheng Formation in the western depression of the Junggar Basin and other fields and zones, the proven geological reserves of tight oil is expected to increase by (18-20)×10⁸t.

Key words: tight oil, tight gas, geological background, accumulation mode, resource potential

中图分类号:

TE132.2

朱如凯, 李国欣, 崔景伟, 黄福喜, 鲁雪松, 郭智, 曹正林. 中国致密油气形成地质条件与勘探前景[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(1): 17-32.

Zhu Rukai, Li Guoxin, Cui Jingwei, Huang Fuxi, Lu Xuesong, Guo Zhi, Cao Zhenglin. Geological accumulation conditions and exploration prospects of tight oil and gas in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(1): 17-32.

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中国致密油气形成地质条件与勘探前景

Geological accumulation conditions and exploration prospects of tight oil and gas in China

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