页岩气藏注气吞吐提高采收率作用机制与评价方法

doi:10.7623/syxb202606008

石油学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 1234-1243.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202606008

• 油田开发 • 上一篇

页岩气藏注气吞吐提高采收率作用机制与评价方法

刘佳伟^1,2, 杨学锋^1,2, 戴彩丽³, 黄山^1,2, 孙永鹏³, 黄亮⁴, 曹梦娇^1,2, 李沁芷^1,2

1. 中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院四川成都 610051;
2. 页岩气地质评价与高效开发四川省重点实验室四川成都 610051;
3. 中国石油大学(华东)山东省油田化学重点实验室/非常规油气开发教育部重点实验室山东青岛 266580;
4. 成都理工大学能源学院四川成都 610059

收稿日期:2025-08-27 修回日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-07-02
通讯作者: 刘佳伟,男,1992年8月生,2022年获中国石油大学(华东)博士学位,现为中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气藏提高采收率与CCUS理论及技术应用研究。Email:jwliu_petrochina@163.com
作者简介:刘佳伟,男,1992年8月生,2022年获中国石油大学(华东)博士学位,现为中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气藏提高采收率与CCUS理论及技术应用研究。Email:jwliu_petrochina@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1404106)、中国石油天然气股份有限公司攻关性应用性科技专项(2023ZZ21)和国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.52474073)资助。

Mechanisms and evaluation methods for enhanced recovery efficiency via gas huff-n-puff in shale gas reservoirs

Liu Jiawei^1,2, Yang Xuefeng^1,2, Dai Caili³, Huang Shan^1,2, Sun Yongpeng³, Huang Liang⁴, Cao Mengjiao^1,2, Li Qinzhi^1,2

1. Shale Gas Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Sichuan Chengdu 610051, China;
2. Shale Gas Geological Evaluation and Efficient Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chengdu 610051, China;
3. Shandong Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry; MOE Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum (East China), Shandong Qingdao 266580, China;
4. College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan Chengdu 610059, China

Received:2025-08-27 Revised:2026-04-20 Published:2026-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 页岩气藏吸附气占比较高,降压生产至中后期,仍存在大量吸附态CH₄难以动用,严重制约采收率的提升。注气是提高页岩气藏采收率的重要技术途径之一。在页岩气藏注气过程中,注气介质在多尺度孔隙中动用CH₄机制、不同类型页岩注气介质选择、注气时机与焖井制度等参数优化缺乏理论支撑与定量评价方法。基于有机碳(TOC)含量与黏土矿物含量对川南地区中深层页岩进行分类,建立了3种典型的纳米孔隙模型,并开展微观注气吞吐分子模拟,同时结合在线低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)监测技术和注气吞吐物理模拟,揭示了CO₂/N₂混合气体对CH₄的动用规律,评估了注气增产与碳封存的潜力。研究结果表明:CO₂通过竞争吸附主导微孔与介孔中吸附态CH₄的动用,而N₂侧重于宏孔中游离态CH₄的动用。针对高TOC、低黏土矿物类型的页岩,当井底压力为6.0~10.0 MPa时,注入80 % CO₂+20 % N₂混合气,CH₄采出程度增量为11.2 % ~13.7 %, CO₂封存率为42.7 % ~82.2 % 。此外,适当延长焖井时间有助于提升CH₄采出程度与CO₂封存率;对于高TOC、低含水、低黏土矿物的页岩储层,应该提高注气介质中CO₂比例,而对于高黏土矿物页岩储层,则应该提高N₂的比例。研究结果为页岩气藏注气提高采收率技术现场应用提供理论与技术支撑。

关键词: 吸附气, 动用规律, 评价方法, 注气参数, 提高采收率

Abstract: Shale gas reservoirs are characterized by a high proportion of adsorbed gas. In the mid-to-late stages of depletion production, a substantial amount of adsorbed CH₄ remains difficult to mobilize, which severely constrains the improvement of recovery efficiency. Gas injection is regarded as a key technical route for enhancing gas recovery; however, during its application in shale gas reservoirs, there is a lack of theoretical foundations and quantitative evaluation methods for optimizing parameters such as the mobilization mechanisms of CH₄ by injection media within multiscale pores, the selection of injection media for different shale types, and the optimization of injection timing and shut-in protocols. Based on total organic carbon (TOC) and clay mineral contents, middle-to-deep shale from southern Sichuan was classified, three typical nanopore models were established, and microscopic molecular simulations of gas huff-n-puff were performed. Further, integrated with the online low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) monitoring and physical huff-n-puff simulations, the patterns of CH₄ mobilization by CO₂/N₂ gas mixtures were revealed, and the potentials for gas injection-driven production stimulation and carbon sequestration were evaluated. The results indicate that:CO₂ competitive adsorption is more favorable for CH₄ mobilization within micropores and mesopores, while N₂ is more effective for mobilizing free gas in macropores. For shales characterized by high TOC and low clay content, experimental results show that injection of an 80 % CO₂+20 % N₂ gas mixture at bottomhole pressures of 6.0-10.0 MPa yields an incremental recovery of 11.2 % -13.7 % and a sequestration rate of 42.7 % -82.2 % . Appropriately extending the shut-in duration is conducive to enhancing CH₄ recovery and CO₂ sequestration efficiency. Furthermore, it is recommended to increase the CO₂ proportion in the injection media for high-TOC, low-water, and low-clay shale reservoirs, whereas increasing the N₂ proportion is advisable for high-clay shale reservoirs. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the application of enhanced gas recovery and carbon sequestration in shale gas reservoirs.

Key words: adsorbed gas, mobilization mechanism, evaluation methods, gas injection parameters, enhanced gas recovery

中图分类号:

TE377

刘佳伟, 杨学锋, 戴彩丽, 黄山, 孙永鹏, 黄亮, 曹梦娇, 李沁芷. 页岩气藏注气吞吐提高采收率作用机制与评价方法[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(6): 1234-1243.

Liu Jiawei, Yang Xuefeng, Dai Caili, Huang Shan, Sun Yongpeng, Huang Liang, Cao Mengjiao, Li Qinzhi. Mechanisms and evaluation methods for enhanced recovery efficiency via gas huff-n-puff in shale gas reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(6): 1234-1243.

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页岩气藏注气吞吐提高采收率作用机制与评价方法

Mechanisms and evaluation methods for enhanced recovery efficiency via gas huff-n-puff in shale gas reservoirs

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