莺歌海盆地东部断裂体系特征、构造演化与动力学成因

doi:10.7623/syxb202607002

石油学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1332-1344.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202607002

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

莺歌海盆地东部断裂体系特征、构造演化与动力学成因

裴健翔¹, 胡高伟^1,2, 胡林¹, 田方磊¹, 徐涛¹

1. 中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司海南海口 570100;
2. 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院北京 102249

收稿日期:2025-08-13 修回日期:2026-03-06 发布日期:2026-08-04
通讯作者: 胡高伟,男,1987年10月生,2012年获成都理工大学学士学位,现为中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司高级工程师、中国石油大学(北京)博士研究生,主要从事南海油气勘探研究。Email:hugw@cnooc.com.cn
作者简介:裴健翔,男,1970年8月生,1995年获中国地质大学(武汉)硕士学位,现为中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司教授级高级工程师,主要从事南海油气勘探研究。Email:peijx@cnooc.com.cn
基金资助:
新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项“莺-琼盆地压溶气形成条件、富集机制与综合利用关键技术”(2025ZD1402704)和中国海洋石油集团有限公司综合科研项目“莺琼盆地规模压溶气赋存机理与勘探方向”(KJZH-2024-2105)资助。

Characteristics,tectonic evolutions,and dynamic geneses of the eastern fault system in Yinggehai Basin

Pei Jianxiang¹, Hu Gaowei^1,2, Hu Lin¹, Tian Fanglei¹, Xu Tao¹

1. Hainan Branch, CNOOC China Limited, Hainan Haikou 570100, China;
2. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2025-08-13 Revised:2026-03-06 Published:2026-08-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 莺歌海盆地东部断裂体系(莺东断裂体系)结构复杂,其变形特征与成因演化尚待深入研究。基于新采集的宽线二维与高精度三维地震资料,系统解析了该断裂体系的构造变形特征,并结合区域板块相互作用与深部壳-幔结构的研究成果,探讨了盆地构造演化及其对莺东断裂体系差异变形的控制机制。研究成果表明:①盆地东部主要发育NW—SE(NWW—SEE)向、NE—SW向与近SN向3组断裂,控制了多个箕状半地堑、断阶和凹中隆构造,其中,①号断裂为Ⅰ级控盆边界断裂,与莺歌海凹陷内NW—SE(NWW—SEE)向Ⅱ、Ⅲ级断裂共同构成了帚状伸展-走滑断裂体系;②莺东断裂体系主要在渐新世(岭头组—陵水组沉积期)发生活动,控制着盆地初始裂陷和伸展-走滑裂陷的发育,但自中新世以来(三亚组沉积期以来),盆地逐渐转为沉降坳陷,断裂活动减弱;③盆地的构造变形呈现"北挤南伸"特征,而莺东断裂体系的活动强度则表现为"南强北弱",其在盆地南、北段的构造变形差异显著;④莺歌海盆地及其东部断裂体系的构造演化受深部地幔上涌-沉降旋回与印支地块挤出旋转耦合控制,地幔上涌-沉降主导了"早断晚坳"的构造格局,而印支地块的挤出—逃逸则诱发区域走滑运动,导致东部帚状断裂体系形成及盆地南、北段发生差异构造变形。

关键词: 断裂特征, 变形机制, 盆地演化, 莺东断裂体系, 莺歌海盆地

Abstract: The eastern fault system of Yinggehai Basin (Yingdong fault system) exhibits a complex structural architecture, and its deformation characteristics and genetic evolution require further in-depth investigation. Based on newly acquired two-dimensional wide-line and three-dimensional high-resolution seismic data, this study systematically delineates the structural deformation features of the fault system. Integrating insights from regional plate interactions and deep crust-mantle structure, the tectonic evolution of the basin and its controls on differential deformation of Yingdong fault system are further examined. The results indicate as follows. (1) Three principal fault sets trending NW-SE (NWW-SEE), NE-SW, and near North-South direction are developed in the east of basin, controlling the formation of multiple half-grabens, fault steps, and intra-sag uplifts. Among them, Fault No.1 functions as a first-order basin-bounding fault, together with NW-SE (NWW-SEE) trending second- and third-order faults within Yinggehai sag, constitutes a broom-shaped extensional strike-slip fault system. (2) Yingdong fault system was mainly active during the Oligocene (sedimentary period from Lingtou Formation to Lingshui Formation), controlling the initial rifting and subsequent extensional strike-slip rifting of the basin. However, since the Miocene (sedimentary period of the Sanya Formation), the basin has evolved into a subsiding depression with progressive fault activity attenuation. (3) The basin exhibits a tectonic deformation pattern characterized by "compression in the north and extension in the south". Correspondingly, the activity intensity of Yingdong fault system shows a pattern of "stronger in the south and weaker in the north", with significant differences in tectonic deformation between the southern and northern segments of the basin. (4) The tectonic evolution of Yinggehai Basin and its eastern fault system is jointly governed by the coupling of the deep mantle upwelling to thermal subsidence cycles and the rotational extrusion associated with the Indochina Block. The mantle upwelling to thermal subsidence process dominates the "early faulting and late-stage depression" structural framework, whereas the extrusion and lateral escape of the Indochina Block induce regional strike-slip tectonics, leading to the development of the eastern broom-shaped fault system and the marked differential deformation between the northern and southern segments of the basin.

Key words: fault characteristics, deformation mechanisms, basin evolution, Yingdong fault system, Yinggehai Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.2

裴健翔, 胡高伟, 胡林, 田方磊, 徐涛. 莺歌海盆地东部断裂体系特征、构造演化与动力学成因[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(7): 1332-1344.

Pei Jianxiang, Hu Gaowei, Hu Lin, Tian Fanglei, Xu Tao. Characteristics,tectonic evolutions,and dynamic geneses of the eastern fault system in Yinggehai Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(7): 1332-1344.

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莺歌海盆地东部断裂体系特征、构造演化与动力学成因

Characteristics,tectonic evolutions,and dynamic geneses of the eastern fault system in Yinggehai Basin

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