陆相超细粒页岩油储层沉积机制与地质评价

doi:10.7623/syxb202202006

石油学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 234-249.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202202006

陆相超细粒页岩油储层沉积机制与地质评价

张建国¹, 姜在兴¹, 刘鹏², 孔祥鑫¹, 葛云锦³

1. 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院山东东营 257015;
3. 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院陕西西安 710075

收稿日期:2021-11-25 修回日期:2021-12-28 发布日期:2022-03-03
通讯作者: 张建国,男,1989年1月生,2017年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国地质大学(北京)副教授、博士生导师,主要从事含油气细粒沉积学及页岩储层的研究工作。
作者简介:张建国,男,1989年1月生,2017年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国地质大学(北京)副教授、博士生导师,主要从事含油气细粒沉积学及页岩储层的研究工作。Email:zhjianguo@cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（No.41802130和No.41772090）资助。

Deposition mechanism and geological assessment of continental ultrafine-grained shale oil reservoirs

Zhang Jianguo¹, Jiang Zaixing¹, Liu Peng², Kong Xiangxin¹, Ge Yunjin³

1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Shandong Dongying 257015, China;
3. Research Institute of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group) Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Xi'an 710075, China

Received:2021-11-25 Revised:2021-12-28 Published:2022-03-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超细粒（粒径<10 μm）沉积储层中蕴含有50%以上的页岩油资源，是页岩油产量二次增长的重要领域，但当前对其成因机制和地质评价方法认识不清，制约了页岩油勘探开发突破。综合利用中国主要陆相页岩油盆地资料，厘定超细粒沉积岩的形成机制，按照其物质来源将超细粒沉积物划分为陆源型、内源型、热液-火山来源型、混合来源型4类，结合沉积动力和物质组分细分为陆源静水沉积型、陆源事件沉积型、内源生物残骸沉积型、内源生物化学沉积型、内源蒸发化学沉积型、火山空落沉积型、水底热液-火山喷发沉积型、混源静水沉积型、混源事件沉积型9种成因类型。系统分析了9类超细粒沉积岩储层特征的差异性，发现不同成因超细粒沉积岩的有机质丰度、含油性、脆性、孔渗性等储层质量参数差异明显，其中，内源生物残骸型和生物化学沉积型、部分热液-火山沉积型和混源静水沉积型超细粒沉积岩为优质页岩油储层，其页岩油储集潜力较大，是超细粒页岩油储层勘探中应重点关注的岩石类型。

关键词: 陆相, 超细粒沉积, 页岩油, 沉积, 储层

Abstract: The shale oil enriched in ultrafine-grained sendimentary rocks (grain size<10μm) account for more than 50% of the total shale oil resources; however, there is still a lack of clear understanding of its genetic mechanism and geological assessment methods, thus restricting the breakthrough in shale oil exploration and development. Therefore, the formation mechanism of ultrafine-grained sedimentary rocks was explored based on analyzing the data of shale oil-rich continental basin; according to the material source of ultrafine-grained sediments, the ultrafine-grained sedimentary rocks were divided into four types dominated by terrestrial source, intra-source, hydrothermal-volcanic source and hybrid source rocks; according to the sedimentary dynamics and material composition, they were further subdivided into nine genetic mechanisms, including terrestrial-sourced still water deposition, terrestrial-sourced event deposition, intra-source dead creature deposition, intra-source biochemistry deposition, intra-source evaporation-chemistry deposition, volcanic deposition, subaqueous hydrothermal-volcanic eruption deposition, hybrid-source still water deposition and hybrid-source event deposition. The ultrafine-grained sedimentary rocks of different genetic mechanisms vary significantly in reservoir quality parameters, such as organic matter abundance, oil content, brittleness and reservoir physical properties. Specifically, the ultrafine-grained sedimentary rocks dominated by intra-source dead creature deposition, intra-source biochemistry deposition, partial hydrothermal-volcanic deposition and hybrid-source still water deposition possess good shale oil reservoir potential, as being the important sweet spots of shale oil exploration.

Key words: continental facies, ultrafine-grained sedimentary rocks, shale oil, deposition, reservoir

中图分类号:

TE122.2

张建国, 姜在兴, 刘鹏, 孔祥鑫, 葛云锦. 陆相超细粒页岩油储层沉积机制与地质评价[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(2): 234-249.

Zhang Jianguo, Jiang Zaixing, Liu Peng, Kong Xiangxin, Ge Yunjin. Deposition mechanism and geological assessment of continental ultrafine-grained shale oil reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(2): 234-249.

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陆相超细粒页岩油储层沉积机制与地质评价

Deposition mechanism and geological assessment of continental ultrafine-grained shale oil reservoirs

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