关键词: 新型储能, 储能技术, 新能源, 能源转型, 能源革命, 新质生产力, 新型储能商业模式

Abstract: As a key supporting technology for building new-type power system and energy system based on new energies, the new energy storage technology has been endowed with a new status in the context of global climate change and carbon neutrality, and is a new driving force for enriching and developing new quality productive forces. The energy storage technology can provide stable support for new energy consumption and large-scale grid connection, acting as the granary and bank of energy, the solutions for new energy issues, and an indispensable member in the new energy system. Developing new energy storage technology is an inevitable path for China to achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality (dual carbon) and promote energy revolution. The transition of carbon-based traditional energy to zero-carbon energy under new quality productive forces is an inevitable choice, and the new energies supported by new energy storage technology shoulder the new missions of energy transformation, energy security, and energy independence. New energy storage technology is constantly developing, with a variety of technical routes, each with its own advantages, diverse application scenarios, and multifaceted demands; the technology chains and industry chains are thriving, with rapid growth in installed capacity and increasingly perfect market mechanisms, business models, and standard systems. New energy storage technologies include electrochemical energy storage, mechanical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage, thermal energy storage, and hydrogen energy storage,etc. There are significant differences in the principles of different energy storage technologies, typical energy storage scenarios, market demands, and construction costs. Currently, lithium-ion battery energy storage occupies an absolute dominant position, and other energy storage technologies are being developed in a diversified manner with gradually increasing applications. Since 2017, new energy storage has maintained a rapid growth trend, with the annual growth rate of more than 50 %. By the end of 2023, the cumulative installed capacity of new energy storage exceeded 35 GW, accounting for 40.6 %. According to the national development guidance and implementation plan for new energy storage, about 177 GW of new energy storage systems will be deployed by 2030, and the average annual growth rate of new energy storage installed capacity will be more than 30 % from 2024 to 2030, and China’s new energy storage technology and system will reach a mature level. New energy storage has flexible and diverse business models and cost recovery mechanisms in terms of the source, grid, and load. It can participate in market transactions as an independent entity, or together with traditional entities in the power trading system. At present, the new energy storage technology faces a shift from the early stage of commercialization to large-scale development, as well as both technical and economic challenges. Firstly, electrochemical energy storage represented by lithium-ion batteries cannot completely avoid the risk of fire and explosion, and its service life, energy density, and cost need to be further optimized. Secondly, operation and maintenance control cannot meet the special production requirements for new energy power generation. Thirdly, the initial investment of new energy storage is high, the profit model is still being explored, and long-term sustainable and healthy development requires further policy support. New energy storage is developing towards technological diversification, full-process safety, and intelligent regulation and control, focusing on solving key issues such as high safety, low cost, long life, high efficiency, large capacity, high integration and intelligence. In the future, the business model of new energy storage will be deeply linked to the process of power market reform, and will gradually develop towards shared energy storage and independent energy storage models. The integrated hybrid energy storage systems formed by the organic combination of multiple types of energy storage technologies can adapt to different application scenarios and demands, and integrate the advantages of various energy storage technologies. Through the introduction of advanced digital scientific and technological methods such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, Mobile Internet, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and edge computing, it facilitates the intelligent integration of new energy storage with the source, grid, and load. It can provide more flexible, efficient, and economical energy storage solutions, improving the system safety of the new power and energy systems. It indicates the development trend of new energy storage technology under the empowerment of new quality productive forces, which is of great significance in promoting the high-quality transformation and development of energies and achieving the goal of double carbon in China.

Key words: new energy storage, new energy storage technology, new energy, energy transition, energy revolution, new quality productive forces, new energy storage business model