上扬子地块下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩的氮富集机理与富氮页岩气成因

doi:10.7623/syxb202511006

石油学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 2075-2090.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202511006

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

上扬子地块下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩的氮富集机理与富氮页岩气成因

王东升¹, 刘飏², 张金川³, 刘珠江¹, 陈斐然¹, 郎岳⁴, 周东升³, 陈世敬⁵, 苏泽昕¹, 仝忠正³

1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司勘探分公司四川成都 610041;
2. 大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院辽宁大连 116026;
3. 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院北京 100083;
4. 大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院黑龙江大庆 163712;
5. 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院北京 102206

收稿日期:2025-03-08 修回日期:2025-06-04 发布日期:2025-12-04
通讯作者: 刘飏,男,1987年9月生,2017年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院副教授,主要从事油气地质综合研究工作。Email:yang.liu@dlmu.edu.cn
作者简介:王东升,男,1989年12月生,2023年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油化工股份有限公司勘探分公司高级工程师,主要从事海相页岩气勘探及评价工作。Email:3006190042@email.cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国石油化工股份有限公司科技攻关项目“川东南深层—超深层页岩气富集规律与勘探目标评价”(P23070)和国家自然科学基金项目“页岩无机氮富集机制及其富氮页岩气响应——以黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组为例”(No.42102171)资助。

Nitrogen enrichment mechanism and nitrogen-rich shale gas genesis of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale in the Upper Yangtze block

Wang Dongsheng¹, Liu Yang², Zhang Jinchuan³, Liu Zhujiang¹, Chen Feiran¹, Lang Yue⁴, Zhou Dongsheng³, Chen Shijing⁵, Su Zexin¹, Tong Zhongzheng³

1. Sinopec Exploration Company, Sichuan Chengdu 610041, China;
2. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Liaoning Dalian 116026, China;
3. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
4. Exploration and Development Research Institute, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Heilongjiang Daqing 163712, China;
5. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2025-03-08 Revised:2025-06-04 Published:2025-12-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 上扬子地块下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩有机碳含量高、发育厚度大、分布面积广,是页岩气资源潜在的有利层系,但该套页岩中氮气(N₂)含量普遍较高,增加了地质勘探的风险。为揭示寒武系牛蹄塘组页岩的N₂成因,对牛蹄塘组沉积期的海洋氮循环、无机氮分布及其控制因素和含氮化合物的热解模式开展了分析,并与贫N₂的奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组沉积期页岩进行了对比。海洋氮循环重建表明,牛蹄塘组页岩沉积期,陆架相和斜坡相由于铵同化作用导致沉积水体/孔隙水中铵根(NH₄⁺)累积,尤其在斜坡相,NH₄⁺浓度最高,而在五峰组—龙马溪组页岩沉积期,扬子海的氮循环以固氮作用为主,沉积水体/孔隙水中的NH₄⁺浓度受限。牛蹄塘组页岩中的无机氮元素含量从台地相、陆架相到斜坡相逐渐增高,至盆地相呈断崖式下降,这种空间变化受控于海洋环境中的NH₄⁺浓度和氧化-还原环境。含氮化合物的热解实验分析表明,页岩中的无机氮热解并释放N₂主要发生在热演化程度相对较低的阶段,而有机氮热解并释放N₂主要发生在热演化程度更高的阶段,两者之间的界限大约在等效镜质体反射率为3.4 % 处。牛蹄塘组页岩中的无机氮元素含量与N₂含量的变化在空间上高度吻合,指示页岩中的无机氮热解可能对N₂含量的增加发挥了关键作用。研究对开展中国南方地区下寒武统及其他高N₂含量目的层系的页岩气勘查研究具有参考作用,对其他相似地区的页岩气勘探开发也具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 上扬子地块, 寒武系, 牛蹄塘组, 五峰组, 龙马溪组, 有机氮, 无机氮, 氮气成因

Abstract: The Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale in the Upper Yangtze block is characterized with high total organic carbon (TOC) content, large thickness, and wide distribution, thus being identified as the potential favorable stratum for shale gas resources. However, the high nitrogen(N₂)content in this shale sequence increases the geological exploration risks. To reveal the genesis mechanism of N₂ in the Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale, analyses were conducted on the marine nitrogen cycle, inorganic nitrogen distribution and its controlling factors, as well as the pyrolysis patterns of nitrogen-containing compounds during the depositional periods of Niutitang Formation, and a comparison was made with the N₂-poor shales deposited in Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation. Reconstruction of the marine nitrogen cycle demonstrates that during the deposition of the Niutitang Formation shale, ammonium assimilation in both shelf and slope facies resulted in the accumulation of ammonium (NH₄⁺) in sedimentary waters or pore waters, with the highest NH₄⁺ concentration observed in the slope facies. By contrast, during the deposition of the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation shales, the nitrogen cycle in the Yangtze Sea was dominated by nitrogen fixation, thus limiting the concentration of NH₄⁺ in sedimentary waters or pore waters. The content of inorganic nitrogen in the Niutitang Formation shale gradually increased from platform facies through shelf facies to slope facies, followed by a precipitous decline in basin facies. This spatial variation is controlled by the NH₄⁺ concentration and redox conditions in the marine environment. Pyrolysis analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds indicates that N₂ release in shale is dominated by inorganic nitrogen decomposition at a low thermal maturity stage, and by organic nitrogen cracking at a higher thermal maturity stage, between which the transition is marked by the equivalent vitrinite reflectance of 3.4 %. As indicated by a strong positive correlation between the inorganic nitrogen content and N₂ concentration, the inorganic nitrogen decomposition during thermal evolution may have played a key role in increasing the N₂ concentration in the Niutitang Formation shale. These findings are of reference significance for the exploration and research of shale gas in the Lower Cambrian reservoirs and other N₂-rich intervals in South China, and also provide valuable insights for the exploration and development of shale gas in other similar areas.

Key words: Upper Yangtze block, Cambrian, Niutitang Formation, Wufeng Formation, Longmaxi Formation, organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen genesis

中图分类号:

TE132.3

王东升, 刘飏, 张金川, 刘珠江, 陈斐然, 郎岳, 周东升, 陈世敬, 苏泽昕, 仝忠正. 上扬子地块下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩的氮富集机理与富氮页岩气成因[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(11): 2075-2090.

Wang Dongsheng, Liu Yang, Zhang Jinchuan, Liu Zhujiang, Chen Feiran, Lang Yue, Zhou Dongsheng, Chen Shijing, Su Zexin, Tong Zhongzheng. Nitrogen enrichment mechanism and nitrogen-rich shale gas genesis of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale in the Upper Yangtze block[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(11): 2075-2090.

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上扬子地块下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩的氮富集机理与富氮页岩气成因

Nitrogen enrichment mechanism and nitrogen-rich shale gas genesis of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale in the Upper Yangtze block

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